Early Humans and their Environment Essay -- Environment Environmental

Early Humans and their EnvironmentHumans have been present on this Earth for nearly 3.5 million years when Homo erectus first evolved with an right posture enabling the use of hands (Ponting). Homo erectus evolved into Homo sapiens one hundred thousand years past and both lineages lived in sub expurgaten, agile groups. For nearly two million years, their way of life was based around hunting and gathering food until ten to twelve thousand years ago when agriculture evolved. Early humans depended upon their knowledge of crops and seasons in order for survival. Eventually, as brain size increased and more humans adapted to different environments, advances were do in human technology. Humans began to work with and occasionally against their environment to create a stable way to acquire food as well as a more stable lifestyle. On the other hand, the environment, the climate in particular, definitely dictated the movement and survival methods of early humans.The seasonal changes, clim ate, and other atmospheric conditions created many challenges for early humans. Modern examples that demonstrate what life might have been like thousands of years ago show that seasons determine where humans can survive. For example, the Bushmen of souwest Africa live in a consistent climate. They move five or six times a year, but never travel more indeed ten to twelve miles. On the other hand, the Gidjingali Aborigines in northern Australia eat water lilies from full swamps during the wet season, but move to another area during run dry season to hunt yam and geese. The Netsilik Inuit living in Canada use their environmental surroundings for all the necessities of life. Their houses are made from snow and ice while their clothing, kayaks, sledges, a... ...the small mobile groups could begin to reside in one area. Agriculture was a turning point in early human life because humans began to alter their surroundings for survival (Ponting). The relationship between early humans and their environment is extremely complex. On one hand, the human race survived and prospered despite the climatic difficulties. On the other hand, the blossoming of early humans directly caused the extinction or near-extinction of many species as well as possibly affecting the atmosphere and climate. Sources CitedGrossman, Daniel. experimental extinction of Large Animals in Australia News Report. NPR News.Joyce, Christopher. Australian Anthropogenic Climate Change News Report. NPR News.Ponting, Clive. A Green History of the World The Environment and the Collapse of peachy Civilizations. St. Martins Press, New York, 1991. (pp 18-65).

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: essays research papers fc

The History Behind To Kill A MockingbirdNelle Harper Lees novel To Kill A Mockingbird has been considered one of the guiltless works of American literature. To Kill A Mockingbird is the work ever published by Nelle Harper Lee, and it brought her great fame. However, Nelle Harper Lee has published several(prenominal) other articles in popular magazines. Nelle Harper Lee is not an individual who desires to be in the light and little is known about her personal life. At the time it is believed she is possible working on her memoirs. The fictional work of To Kill A Mockingbird plots many elements close to real events in Americas struggle over civil rights.Scout Finch is the narrator in Lees work To Kill A Mockingbird, and the two share many similarities in real life. They both grew up in the 1930 in Alabama towns. Lees father was Amasa Lee attorney who served in the state legislature in Alabama (Johnson). Atticus Finch who is Scouts father was also an attorney and served on the state l egislature. They both had an older brother and a progeny neighbour playmate. Lees was Truman Capote and Scouts was Dill. When Lee was six years old one of the nations most notorious trials was taking place, the Scottsboro Trials. On March 25, 1931, a lading train was stopped in Paint Rock, a tiny community in Northern Alabama, and nine young African American men who had been equitation the rails were arrested (Johnson). Two white women on the train, 2in an apparent effort to avoid prostitution charges, claimed that they had been raped by the black youths and these accusations nearly direct to a lynching in Scottsboro, where the youths had been jailed (Jones Ross). The trails and appeals of these youth gained national attention throughout the 1930s and, at one point, all but one of the young men was sentenced to death in the Alabama electric chair.In To Kill A Mockingbird Lee tells the story of a Mr. Tom Robinson who is an African American who is being charged with rape against a white women. Atticus is the lawyer who must defend Robinson in court. In the Scottsboro case a central normal was a heroic judge who overturned a guilty verdict against the young men. The judge went against the public in trying to protect the rights of the African American men. In reading the novel you learn that Atticus arouses anger in the small community when he tries to defend Robinson.

Republiacns! Unfavorable Acts Caused The Rise Of The Kkk :: essays research papers

Republiacns Unfavorable Acts Caused The Rise of The KKK     The years after the civil contend were frustrating times for the Americans.New laws and rules were posted for which to abide by and due to the outcome ofthe civil war, the people from the south had now to accept the new thralldom lawsissued by the political parties and congress. This created turmoil amongst bothnortherners, who mostly were against slavery, and greyers. This was alsotrue for both political parties that consisted of the Republicans and theDemocratics. Again the issue was always on the rights of blacks. The battleswith certain individuals who matt-up it their duty to stand up for their idea ofwhat the American way was.     In 1866, just a year after the civil war, six confederate veterans organise a societal club in the small town of Pulaski Tennessee. These men were setout to perpetuate white supremacy through out the south. The social club becameofficial. The membe rs came up with the name of Ku Klux Klan. It was a name confinen from the Greek word "Kuklos" which means circle. They came up withrituals copied from college fraternities. They also assigned positions tospecial members. They were composed of the noble Cyclop, The President, theGrand Magi, the vice-president, and the Grand Exchequer, the treasurer. TheKlansmen adopt a uniform. The uniforms were white, long robes, White masks,And high pointed hats. ( Ingalls, Hoods 3 )     Adopted during 1866-67, the Republican partys Reconstruction programthreatened to turn southern society upside down. The promise of equal rightsfor blacks flew in the face of the widely held opinion of the white Southernersthat the black race was innately inferior. This deep-seated racist opinion hadserved to justify slavery, and it remained a major obstacle to uplifting blacksafter the civil war. Indeed, Antiblack hatred drove some whites to extrememeasures to resist Reconstruction. ( Ingalls, Hoods 6 )     The Republicans feared that barrings the blacks from governing would makethe Democratics Party dominant again in the south and in congress. Congressdivided the south into five military districts controlled by martial law. Ittook the take away from large numbers of rebel whites. It declared that allblack men could vote and hold office. And it ordered the rebel states to writenew and classless constitutions. Since Tennessee had become the first southernstate to give black men and freed slaves the right to vote, it became mostaffected. ( Meltzer, 23 )     With the republican party controlling state government, exconfederatesbegan to take up arms to oppose Reconstruction.

Blogs - From Printing Press to Blog Essays -- Internet Online Communic

From create Press to BlogLance Arthur, a practiced and well-respected date in the close-knit community of web design, subtitles his homepold age (www.lancearthur.com) with the short and simple phrase, sound Write. Although his immediate profession is as a designer, Lance is also a writer. His website records his periodic musings and political rants, and it is one of several million to be updated on a regular basis. Such a website is called a blog, or web log, and in an age of the Internet such as this, it is quickly becoming the newest and greatest symbol of modern technologys impact on committal to physical composition and popular culture. However, writing as we receipt it is the product of an evolutionary process, which provides for a history that reaches as far back as the clay tablets of ancient Sumer. As such, studying the blog requires an understanding of the methods of writing that came before it, and so the advent of the blog as both a technological and socio-cult ural phenomenon is something we can attribute to two historical developments in the history of writing the invention of the printing press and the birth of typography.While the correlation between blog and press is not immediately clear, Gutenbergs renowned invention brought with it a slither of technological and social changes that laid the foundation for widespread literacy. The technological impact of the printing press is mostly self-evident, in that the automated and mechanized nature of doing freed many human hands from the restraint of manual labor. More importantly however, the lower cost and higher output rate of the press tore wad the scholastic pillar that had once elevated the aristocracy above the middle classes. By making books plentiful and more readily ... ..., but in time, todays early days will become tomorrows adults and the blog will exist not as a mere prototype of technology and future writing, but rather as the end-all, be-all symbol of a future way of life in which people will no longer hesitate to just write.Works ReferencedArthur, Lance. Just Write. 24 February 2004. Personal Homepage. <http//www.lancearthur.com.David, Paul. Clio and the Economics of QWERTY. The American Economic Review, vol. 75(2). 2001. 332-337.Kiely, Kathy. Freewheeling bloggers are rewriting rules of journalism. USA Today. 30 December 2003. Gannett Co. Inc. 21 Febuary 2004. <http//www.usatoday.com.McLuhan. The Typewriter. Understanding Media. 258-264.Mumford, Lewis.. The Invention of the Printing Press. Communication in History Technology, Culture, Society. Crowley and Heyer, eds. 93-97.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

As I look back upon the past four years, in some ways it seems like my time at Kiper has been a lot like a twenty-four hours at the Magic Kingdom. From the moment I heard ab prohibited Disneyland, I knew that I wanted to go. I counted the long time until I got there, much the way that I counted the days until I left Harbour Pointe to migrate over to Kiper. Time passed so slowly because I was anticipating the large times ahead. At the end of middle school, my classmates and I thought we were so cool because we got to make that trip to someplace fun and raise. On the first day of high school, we got up early like eager kids ready for a day of play. At Disneyland, people line up early to get their tickets and bulge their enchanted day. As freshmen, we lined up early to get our class list, incredibly thrilled to finally be here. Our heads were full of the stories we had heard about how exciting it would be. Little did we know what awaited us. With our admission pass, commonly known as the schedule, we too got a map. Like Disneylands, ours had pictures of the paths to take, leading to our varied destinations. Some thoughtful precedential had actually color-coded mine, so I knew which direction to go. Our maps led to the science hall, the English hall and the Performing Arts Center, while Disneylands led to Adventure Land, Toon Town and briny Street. Their map listed various places to grab sustenance like the Rainforest Cafe, Mickeys Kitchen and Rocket Pizza, while our map boasted four the Commons, the East Campus Cafeteria, the Student Store and, God benefactor us, the vending machines. With 10 minutes to go, the class of 2003 hurled themselves into the crowd of hustling students. Some of the freshmen were simply so glad to be there that the mod didnt... ... as a appetizer and stared up at the brick edifice known as Kiper. It is incomprehensible that we have grown up so quickly and are about to leave forever. neer again will we all be in the same place in time. All good things must eventually end, but the wisdom, the friends and the experiences that have changed us will remain a part of us forever. It is unbelievable that the admission pass has expired and the gates are about to close. It is time that we leap out of a storybook fantasy and into the real world. Four years later, as graduating seniors and young adults, it is time to stow the baggage we collected, climb back into the car and drive come out the road to the future, never looking back. It is time to journey out into the world, to make our places as individuals, a group no longer and to make our own queer mark upon the world. Congratulations, Class of 2003

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

As I look spikelet upon the past four years, in some ways it seems wish my time at Kiper has been a lot like a day at the Magic Kingdom. From the moment I heard approximately Disneyland, I knew that I wanted to go. I counted the days until I got there, much the way that I counted the days until I left Harbour Pointe to migrate over to Kiper. Time passed so slowly because I was anticipating the great times ahead. At the end of middle school, my classmates and I thought we were so cool because we got to make that trip to someplace mutation and exciting. On the first day of high school, we got up early like eager kids ready for a day of play. At Disneyland, people line up early to get their tickets and begin their enchanted day. As freshmen, we lined up early to get our class list, incredibly thril direct to finally be here. Our heads were broad of the stories we had heard about how exciting it would be. Little did we know what awaited us. With our admission pass, commonly known as the schedule, we too got a map. Like Disneylands, ours had pictures of the paths to take, leading to our alter destinations. Some thoughtful senior had actually color-coded mine, so I knew which direction to go. Our maps led to the science hall, the English hall and the Performing Arts Center, while Disneylands led to Adventure Land, Toon Town and Main Street. Their map listed various places to grab sustenance like the Rainforest Cafe, Mickeys Kitchen and Rocket Pizza, while our map boasted four the Commons, the East Campus Cafeteria, the assimilator Store and, God help us, the vending machines. With 10 minutes to go, the class of 2003 hurled themselves into the crowd of hustling students. Some of the freshmen were simply so glad to be there that the innovative didnt... ... as a freshman and st bed up at the brick edifice known as Kiper. It is incomprehensible that we have grown up so quickly and are about to leave forever. Never again will we all be in the same place in time. All good things must at last end, but the wisdom, the friends and the experiences that have changed us will remain a part of us forever. It is unbelievable that the admission pass has expired and the gates are about to close. It is time that we leap out of a storybook fantasy and into the real world. Four years later, as graduating seniors and young adults, it is time to stow the baggage we collected, climb back into the car and drive down the road to the future, never looking back. It is time to journey out into the world, to make our places as individuals, a group no continuing and to make our own unique mark upon the world. Congratulations, Class of 2003

Health and Wellness

wellness and Wellness Ronnie Corley, Travis Jackson, Tiny Elmore Sci/163 April 4, 2013 Dr. Wytisha S. Carter Health and Wellness Health and wellness argon both major parts in our lives. Although health and wellness be keys in living a long life, a muddle of people are ill, have unhealthy habits, are obese, and are out of shape. Three top elements of health and wellness we would like to increase in participation would have to be exercise, eating healthy, and health awareness. Exercise is a good way to keep your body moving.There are many different types of exercises that work out many parts of the body such as push-ups, which works out your arms, and sit-ups, which works out your abdomen. Exercise is very good for working out the heart. feeding healthy should be number unrivaled, be condition if you exercise and dont eat right, then you could possibly be canceling out your exercise with all of the excess calories that you are putting into your body. Eating healthy things, such a s fruits and vegetables in a balanced diet can really make a difference in the long run.Look at it like this, when you are five-year-older, your parents use to tell you eat your vegetables and drink your milk so you can grow big and strong. Well as a young adult, you are still growing where old cells are diminishing, and you need fuel to continue this process. Thats what these different vitamins and nutrients are for. If you are non aware of your health or health hazards, its time to aware yourself. You have to be mindful of what you put in your body. Have you ever perceive of the saying, you are what you eat? For example, if you eat a bunch of sugary foods, then you will get a quick sugar rush, and later on dismantle and feel lazy. But if you eat a serving of fruit, vegetable, and a couple more healthy choices, you will feel more energized and aware of your day. It is also a good idea to get frequent check-ups and physicals. This will let you know how your health is from a prof essional, and what better way to find out than from someone who went to train for it. Nutrition and fitness should stay an active part of our lives until we either pass out-of-door, or are disabled and cant do task as fitness exercises.You can always get nutrition, whether its from food, all the way to pills and injections if needed. The better(p) thing to do to stay fit while you are young is to get up and move. It is good to do at least one group of intermediate exercise a day, at least three to quatern times a week for twenty to thirty minutes. This allows your body to build muscle and maintain the muscle. Everyone is at risk for some type of illness or disease in their lifestyle. Three major chronic diseases are crabmeat, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.Chronic diseases are no joke, but there are many ways and strategies to helper you in preventing your chances and risk of a chronic disease. There are many types of cancers, such as lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer in males, and ovarian cancer in females. Lung cancer is a big one and its biggest factor is smoking. Smoke in tobacco products produce a tar-like substance, that when inhaled, can leave pieces of tar shag when you exhale. You can look at your lungs sort of like a filter system in your body that filters oxygen in and carbon-dioxide out.Now you have taken the familiarity of adding carbon-monoxide to the filter, which kills, or cancels out oxygen. Over time this blackens the lungs and increases your chances of all types of cancer such as, liver cancer, and caner of the throat and mouth. Some cancer is hereditary and cant be avoided, but lowering your risk can be the split between life and death. Diabetes is a very common chronic disease for both young and older people. Theres type one, type two, and gestational diabetes which loads pregnant women.Diabetes is sometimes called the silent killer, because you will not know you have it until you are diagnosed. Diabetes is associa ted with high levels of glucose in the body. Blood glucose is essential for the proper functioning of brain cells. High and low levels can lead to central nervous symptoms such as dizziness, confusion, weakness and tremors. Strategies that you could use to try and prevent diabetes are eating healthy foods that dont have a lot of sugars in them, seeing that one of the most main causes of diabetes is eating foods high and fat and glucose.Exercise always helps, so try staying active also. Diabetes can also be inherited, so its best to do all that you can to prevent it, in case it is a big problem in your family. Cardiovascular disease is also called heart disease. It is diagnosed when a substance called plaque builds up in the arteries. The buildup narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. If a blood clot forms, it can stop the blood flow, which can cause a heart attack. Risk for cardiovascular disease is significantly high for people who are obese and smokers.I f you are a smoker, then you can choke reducing your risk as soon as you decide to quit. You increase your risk of cardiovascular disease as soon as you smoke a cigarette it takes about fifteen years to fully reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease if you have smoked a cigarette. If you are obese a good way to reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease is to put yourself on a well-balanced diet, and an effective exercise plan. This will reduce dipper tissues in the body, which in return can reduce your risk for the cardiovascular disease. It is essential to remember to eat healthy and dont cheat on your diet.Also a good exercise could consist of anywhere between beginners to intense exercise at least three days a week, for twenty to cardinal minutes. There are many things about chronic diseases that we cant change, such as heredity and environmental standpoints that would have too big of an effect in some way if changed. Take cigarettes for example. If the government were to m ake cigarettes illegal, there would be many people who wouldnt be able to take lot with kind of information. With that being said, the government will not make cigarettes illegal, knowing the fact that it kills and maims thousands of people every year.Our immune system is what keeps us intact and away from these harmful diseases that the world has unleashed on us. It is our defense mechanism for all of our systems organs and cells. We have to take precautionary steps on the latter of health and wellness. crusade to stay away from mostly things that are tobacco products, anything that has too many calories, and of course anything thats illegal might not be good for you. recitation and eating healthy is the sure fire way to keep your immune healthy and functioning as it should. ReferencesAmerican Heart Association (January 01, 2012) What is Cardiovascular Disease Retrieved from http// www. heart. org/HEARTORG/ primary care provider/Resources/whatsisCardiovascularDisease/What-is-Car diovascular-Disease_UCM_30185_Article. jsp American Heart Association (January 01, 2012) Prevention and Treatment of Heart Attack Retrieved from http// www. heart. org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/Prevention-and-treatment-of-Heart-Attack_UCM_002042_Article. jsp Jane Kelly, M. D (January 04, 2013). Diabetes Retrieved from http// www. cdc. gov/media/presskits/aahd/diabetes. pdf Steven Edelman, M. D (August 12, 2008).What Is The Difference Between Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes? Retrieved from http// www. abcnews. go. com/Health/DiabetesOverview/story? id=3843306. UVuHDFfvuk1 The American Nurses Association (December 18, 2012) Home environmental Health Risk Retrieved from http// http//www. nursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume122007/No2May07/HomeEnvironmentalHealthRisks. html U. S Department of Health and Human Services (September 06, 2012) Environmental Health Retrieved from http// http//www. healthypeople. gov/2020/topi csobjectives2020/overview. aspx? topicid=12

Generous Generosity

Generous is an adjective frequently adopted by poets generosity is a virtue greatly valued by nobilities open-handed generosity is a depiction historically inherited by generations. I am always wondering that how does generosity develop its personal charisma to draw out so much attention? Is it possible to decode its mystery by tracing the origin of unstinting?Browsing through books, I discovered that almost clues keep emerging. From a historic perspective, tracing words development back in time shows that in many cases what are now rive lexical items were formerly identical words. The deep prehistory of language has nurtured little word-seeds that over the millennia have pro livelihoodrated into widely differentiated families of vocabulary. Generous is a word of no exception.Originally, it was a derivative of genus in the sense birth, stock, race, and harks back semantically to its ultimate source in the Indo-European base gen denoting produce. Its Germanic offshoots include ki n, kind, and likely king, but for sheer numbers it is the Latin descendant genus race, type. It probably entered the language in the 16th century coming via Old French genereux from Latin generosus, which originally meant of noble birth (a sense which survived in English into the late 17th century Richard Knolles, for instance, in his General history of the Turks 1603, wrote of many knights of lavish blood line).Years of evolution witness the moderate changes in the meaning of generous, and its semantic progression from nobly born through noble-minded, magnanimous to liberal in large impresses me while reading classics. In the field of literature, generous enjoys a great rate of exposure. Let al wizard other authors, solely William Shakespeare used it for at to the lowest degree dozen times. Its first appearance was in Loves Labours Lost, a work of Shakespeares early comedy.For instance, in scene one the fifth Acta humorous dialogue conducted between the egg-headed Holofernes and Armado Armado Sir, it is the Kings most sweet pleasure and affection to congratulate the Princess at her pavilion, in the posteriors of this day which the rude multitude call the afternoon. Holofernes The posterior of the day, most generous sir, is liable, congruent, and measurable, for the afternoon. The word is well culld, chose, sweet, and apt, I do assure you, sir, I do assure. Under this circumstance, generous is an expression of nobility. As for a noble man, soul of innate generosity, every task is gracious and magnificent as well as every utterance.However, when this word was spoken by the bookish Hologernes, it sounded like a cheap flattery rather than a sincere approbation. In Loves Labours Lost, generous was endowed with a new meaning, namely, kind giving. In scene two the fifth Act, Holofernes shouted that This is not generous, not gentle, not humble when he was roughly treated by courtiers. The above context reflects that generous stresses warm hearted readiness to g ive and demonstrates kindness to others in want of helps. done Shakespeares interpretation, a generous sir can be defined as a well born person characterized by a noble enliven generosity means the quality of being liberal and magnanimous.In addition, according to Alexander Pope 1, many people are capable of doing a wise thing, much a cunning thing, but very few a generous thing. What Pope intended to convey was that doing generous things demands lofty characters and unconditional dedication. Hovering in my mind, generous incorporates kind, wise and noble. Sometimes, the generous giving of ourselves can produce the generous harvest. Sometimes, barely detectable as it is, generosity can change someone elses life forever. Generous generosity is the most enchanting expression in English language, and the greatest wisdom cherished by civilized society, which urges people to do the generous deed, and to carry on the virtue of generosity.

Frankenstein Analysis ; Essay Essay

I. The pursuit of knowledge is at the heart of Frankenstein. In the letters at the beginning of the novel, Robert Walton had been writing to his infant of how he longs to travel the seas and attempts to surpass previous humans explorations by endeavoring to reach the North Pole. Due to his pursuit of knowledge, he finds himself in a dangerous stain trapped between sheets of ice. master copys pursuit of knowledge started from when he was just a child. The narrator begins to pick apart and identify the aspects of his personality that leave alone eventu wholey lead to his downfall.He possesses what he calls a smart for knowledge. Thirst, of course, is a fundamental human need, necessary to ones very survival. maestros desire to learn, therefore, is driven by nothing so insubstantial as curiosity. It is instead the precondition of his very being. The fascinations of the human soul and how the body kit and boodle, intensifying his thirst by reading the books of Cornelius Agrippa, Paracelsus and Albertus Magnus. As headmaster attempts to surge beyond accepted human limits and access the secret of life, his creation ends up destroying everyone that he had care for.Although the two had a thirst for knowledge, one quickly realized that they had chosen a dangerous path, Robert Walton. You seek for knowledge and wisdom, as I once did and I ardently hope that the gratification of your wishes may not be a serpent to sting you, as mine has been. ( letter IV pg 39)From the wise words of maestro, Walton ultimately pulls back from his treacherous mission, having learned from overlords example how destructive the thirst for knowledge post be. The theme of the pursuit of knowledge leads into the theme of closeness. master key keeps his studies and his experiment of his creation a secret.He also keeps the knowledge of Williams killer a secret be slip it was his creation of the monster that murdered the innocent boy. II. In chapter two, Victor witnesses the destru ctive power of record when, during a raging storm, lightning destroys a tree near his house. It was not splintered by the shock, only entirely reduced to thin ribands of wood. I never beheld anything so utterly destroyed. (pg 48) Therefore Victor had witnessed the destructive powers of nature and was astonished that something so beautiful could be destroyed so abruptly.The world of nature that is expressed in the book can be argued that it affects the moods of characters in the novel. The sublime natural world, embraced by Romanticism as a source of unrestrained excited experience for the individual. It initially offers characters the possibility of spiritual renewal. Mired in depression and remorse after the deaths of William and Justine, for which Victor responsible, Victor heads to the mountains to lift his spirits. The harsh winter that Victor endured symbolised depression and remorse. As well, after a the hellish winter of cold and abandonment, the monster feels his heart lighten as spring arrives.The regularize of nature on mood is evident throughout the novel, but for Victor, the natural worlds power to console him wanes when he realizes that the monster will haunt him no be where he goes. By the end, as Victor chases the monster obsessively, nature, in the form of the Arctic desert, functions simply as the symbolic scenery for his primal struggle against the monster. III. Victor has been in a stage of secrecy since he was a child. Because of his interests and ambitions that no one could understand, he stayed in secrecy.Victor conceives of science as a mystery to be examined and discover its secrets, once discovered, must be jealously guarded. He considers M. Krempe, the natural philosopher he meets at Ingolstadt, a model scientist an uncouth man, but profoundly imbued in the secrets of his science. Victors entire obsession with creating life is shrouded in secrecy, and his obsession with destroying the monster remains equally secret until Wal ton hears his tale. Whereas Victor continues in his secrecy out of shame and guilt, the monster is forced into seclusion by his bizarre appearance.Walton serves as the final confessor for both, and their tragic relationship becomes immortalized in Waltons letters. In confessing all just before he dies, Victor escapes the stifling secrecy that has ruined his life wishwise, the monster takes advantage of Waltons presence to forge a human connection, hoping desperately that at last someone will understand, and empathize with, his miserable existence. IV. The way Mary Shelley wrote the novel Frankenstein is in first person point of view. By having the book in first person the endorser is able to witness Victors life story on a different level.This helps the lecturer feature a better understanding of whats going on in the novel. If the novel was written in an different form, the reader would probably have great difficulty understanding Victors story. Other pieces of works were also m ention in the novel such(prenominal) as enlightenment Lost. The texts and languages potently associate with the story as well with other themes in the novel. It moved every feeling of wonder and awe, that the picture of an omnipotent God warring with his creatures was competent of exciting. I often referred the several situations, as their similarity struck me, to my own.Like Adam, I was apparently united by no link to any other being in existence but state was far from different from mine in every other respect. He had come forth from the manpower of God a perfect creature, happy and prosperous, guarded by the especial care of his Creator, he was allowed to converse with, and acquire knowledge from, beings of a superior nature, but I was wretched, helpless and alone. (Ch. XV, page 116) As stated in the quote, the monster is comparing himself and the relationship of him and his power to the story that he reads in heaven Lost.The reader can relate to the monster and can see his point of view of how he is mistreated by his creator un standardised Adam in the Story. V. In Victors case, his isolation comes from pursuing his ambitions, choosing his ambition over the people around him. Even when Victor finishes creating his creature, his feelings of melancholy and guilt overwhelm him so that he cannot have solace from those around him. Though Victor is alone once the Creature has killed his family, this isolation could also be considered brought upon by Victor himself.Victors isolation, then, should create in him a sense of guilt or atonement for his creation of a Creature who stripped him of those friends and family surrounding him however, Victor only seeks vengeance and his continued state of melancholy. The Creature, on the other hand, is isolated because of Victor. Victor was the Creatures creator and should have provided and taught the creature, taking responsibility instead of running away. He also is isolated by society because of his appearance, which is, again, not the Creatures fault.Compared to Victor, the Creature is far more isolate, and we can see that this isolation is superior to that of Victor because of the drastic measures the Creature takes in order to be with people. Victor does not really consciously attempt to engage with those around him, but the Creature does, propensity companionship and a way to release himself from his isolation. Ultimately, the Creature cannot become part of any community so this isolation creates rage inside of the monster and leads him to rive the acts that ultimately isolate Victor. VI.In the novel Frankenstein by mary shelley there is a clear comparison between the creature and Victor to God and demon. Victor and the creature are mostly compared to God and Satan. Victor was so blind by his determination to recreate that he was overly late to realize merely what he was creating. He saw that he wasnt creating life but he was just twisting death. God also regretted his creation after i t was too late. In the novel, Frankenstein, Mary Shelley intertwines the relationships between her characters through their insatiable desires for knowledge.The actions of these characters, predominantly the monster, allude to Satan, in John Miltons epic poem, Paradise Lost. Both the monster and Satan are fixated on vengeance because of the parallel rejection they are faced with in their respective works. Vengeance becomes the principal theme during the course of both works and it fuels the tin for the consciences of the monster and Satans every judgment. Rejection by creator plays a vital role in the plots of both the monster and Satan. Victors creature, natural innocent, tried to fit in the world that he was put into. that the constant rejection and isolation from the very beings that he longed to interact with caused him to evolve into a self-acknowledged Satan, from Paradise Lost. The monster immediately upon setting eyes on the world is abandoned and rejected by Victor Franke nstein. The monster states, It is with considerable difficulty that I withdraw the original era of my being all the events of that period appear confused and indistinct. (Shelley 194) VII. Throughout the novel, Victor has been struggling with his identity. He was isolated because of his interests in philosophy that no one else had. When i was thirteen years of age, we all went on a party of pleasure to the baths near Thonon i chanced to find a volume of the works of Cornelius AgrippaI communicated my discovery to my father. My father looked carelessly at the titlepage of my book, and said, Ah Cornelius Agrippa My dear Victor, do not waste your time upon this it is sad trash. ( pg 46 chap II) Victors interest were not accepted therefore he kept to himself and became non social. Thus hindering the aid of finding his identity. The creature also struggled with his quest to find his identity.His creator was filled with disgust at the first sight of him. Without hesitation he shunned his creation and ran away from him. The monster was left with no one to teach him how to love, no one to teach him social skills, how to live, the creature had to fend for himself in every case. This left the monster to question his identity, Was I then a monster, a discolouration upon the earth, from which all men fled, and whom all men disowned. This leads him to doubt himself, and actually contemplate suicide. Not knowing ones identity can be hard for someone.It can make one question everything they do, every move every thought questions. This can put a strain on ones life and cause them to feel depressed and suicidal. We can see this in the monster and Victor throughout the novel. Although the creature starts to realize that he is alone, there is no other like him. This helps him create an identity for himself. He can characterize himself as an outsider. The theme of identity helps the reader to have a stronger understanding of the characters. In the novel of Frankenstein it can be argued that the theme of religion has been illustrated within the book.While many people view Mary Shelleys Frankenstein as a horror novel, it is also to be believed it has more of a religious background due to the insertion of Paradise Lost into the story. The story of God creating Adam is a popular topic in this story and is also believed that Shelly had intended for Frankenstein to be an allegory for the story of creation. In the instructional novel of How to read Literature Like a Professor, chapter five and sevener can be used to make a connection with the novel of Frankenstein.In chapter five of the instructional manual(a) of How to read Literature Like a Professor, the author explains how stories overlap in a way. Book are never totally original. They all use similar characters with similar personalities. Authors use other authors to influence their style of writing and what they write about. In the novel, Mary Shelley introduces the story Paradise Lost, to make a c omparison and difference between the creature with Adam. But Paradise Lost excited different and far deeper emotions.I read it, as i had read the other volumes which had fallen into my hands as a true history I often referred the several situations, as their similarity struck me, to my own. Like Adam. This quote can prove that the creation referred to the story of Paradise Lost and used it as a comparison to its own situation. Therefore stories indeed did overlap in a way. In chapter seven of the instructional manual of How to read Literature Like a Professor, it is mainly about how every piece of literature is somehow related to or referring to the Bible. They all involve things such as temptation, betrayal, denial, etc.Also, writers refer to the Bible because almost everybody knows at least some of the stories from the Bible. The novel Frankenstein expresses religion because Victors obsession with recreating life. He takes a place as God and the creature takes the place of Adam. The story of God and Adam was used in the novel to draw out the use of religion. Chapter seven also connects to Frankenstein because he felt the temptation of knowing the secrets of nature. The world was to me secret which i desired to divine. As quoted, Victor had temptation for knowledge. Therefore temptation was involved in the novel.Therefore, the instructional manual of How to read Literature Like a Professor and the novel Frankenstein are relatable. The manual is solely based on teaching rising students like me how to think, and change my perspective in order to get the deeper meaning behind a piece of literature. In Frankenstein the Monster, who is thought to be illiterate, watches the Frankenstein family and teaches himself to eat, sleep, and hold himself like them. He teaches himself to be a more cultivate human being by watching this family similar to the way millions of students are teaching themselves to be more sophisticated by reading this manual.

War Is Peace, Freedom Is Slavery, Ignorance Is Strength

1984 For as long as governings have existed, the hatful they ruled feargond them. This fear and the believe to improve these governments have let to countless different attempts to perfect government. From the most liberal democracy to the most crushing dictatorship, governments have all faced ab come forth shortcomings. Because of the faults inherent in all governments, various types of governance have been the topic for legion(predicate) authors. The late novelist Ayn Rand wrote many books on the trouble that a socialist government could bring and espoused the virtue of individualism.She felt that by allowing government to limit our individual loosendoms, we were sentencing ourselves to a certain death. She wrote that We are fast approaching the stage of the ultimate inversion the stage where the government is free to do anything it pleases, while the citizens may act only by permission which is the stage of the darkest periods of human history, the stage of rule by brute fo rce (Rand). Rand realized that a government with too much constraint would not be able to help but overreach.Although George Orwell died seven eld prior to the publication of Ayn Rands most well known novel Atlas Shrugged, he held the same fear of an all-powerful government. Orwell felt that with the new engineering appearing during his life and the ever-increasing power of government, the politicians could choose to rule every facet of the citizens lives. The novel 1984 is a depiction of what Orwell thought would happen if a totalitarian regime were left unchecked by the people. He paints a stark picture of this dystopia in 1984 by the masterful use of both symbolization and irony.Orwell lets almost no time pass before he introduces symbolism and irony into his story. He begins his novel by saying that it was a bright, cold day in April, and the time were striking thirteen (Orwell 1). By saying that it was a bright day in April, Orwell gives the endorser a sense that there is hope. April, a month in the spring, is a symbol of a new beginning and is a classic literary tool for showing the beginning of a novel. Orwells mention of a bright day is another reference to the hope still present in the lives of the characters.Had Orwell stated that the day was dark or dim, it could have given the reviewer an entirely different outlook on how the characters lives might turn out. Despite these deuce optimistic symbols, Orwell also throws in two very ominous symbols in the same sentence. The reason for doing this is to set a tone of irony that carries through the rest of the book. In addition to describing the day as bright, Orwell also portrays it to be cold. This is his problematical centering of informing the reader that not everything is well in the characters lives.Orwell also found it important to tell the readers that the clocks were striking thirteen, an ominous number for many cultural civilizations. An congressman of this is in Christianity where Judas , the thirteenth person to be seated at the last supper, later betrayed Jesus. (Mark 14. 10-11) The development of the plot of 1984 is riddled with examples of irony. Orwell practically spells out the irony for the reader when he writes, Even the names of the four Ministries by which we are governed exhibit a sort of impudence in their deliberate retroversion of the facts.The Ministry of Peace concerns itself with warfare, The Ministry of Truth with lies, The Ministry of Love with torture, and the Ministry of Plenty with starvation (Orwell 178). This is an important example of irony because it is used to show the complete disconnect from the morals and principles of a free society. The main character, Winston Smith, is somewhat of an teetotal character himself. He is not the typical protagonist. Most protagonists are strong, burly and brave, while Winston is slight and has an ulcer on his leg. Winston is use in the records department of the Ministry of Truth.Despite its noble nam e, The Ministry of Truth is actually the branch of government that revises the past to make the lies of the present true. In fact, Winstons job is to order history to meet current priorities. Another dominant example of irony is the Partys slogan WAR IS PEACE, FREEDOM IS SLAVERY, IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH (Orwell 17). The slogan is an example of superficial verbal irony. However, upon closer examination, it sheds more light on Orwells intent. By stating that war is peace, Orwell sends distinct messages to two vastly different groups.To the proles, the commoners, war is peace can be read at its most literal meaning, that there can one day be peace by defeating the resistance and securing victory. Despite the simple understanding the proles have of the slogan, those in the sexual Party, the group of people in charge of Oceania, have a much more shifty understanding of it. To them, the slogan represents the shell post that they play with the common citizen. Much like the street gamble r taking bets on which shell the rock is under, the Inner Party assures that the citizenry is focused on whatever country Oceania is fighting, rather than on the leaders of the country.This claim is further supported on page 161 where Orwell describes the futility of the wars that are being fought. None of the three superstates ever attempts any maneuver which involves the risk of serious defeat (Orwell 161). Rather than try to end the wars, they continue fighting to affirm the minds of the working class occupied with hate. The leaders in 1984 saw that it was not advantageous to advocate a strict moral code because it limited their office to control the populace. Saul Alinsky shows a later example of this type of thinking in the book Rules for Radicals.Alinsky, a community organizer, outlined a set of rules for people to follow as a deceptive means of gaining and maintaining power. He saw that in order to maintain power, things such as morals and ethics unavoidable to be flexible . genius of his most important rules was that generally, success or failure is a mighty determinant of ethics (Alinsky 15). It is a safe assumption that if Alinskys rules were available to the Inner Party, they would know exactly how to use them. Some of the strongest examples of irony in 1984 are the characters in the lower-ranking Anti-Sex League.The name is typical of an organization in a dystopian society that seeks to demonize anything that makes one group seem above another. Much like the Ministry of Love that handles the prisons and discipline, the Junior Anti-Sex League is a paradox as well. Actually, the members of the league are very promiscuous. One of the main characters involved in the Junior Anti-Sex league is Julia. It is ironic that while on an excursion with the Junior Anti-Sex League, she discovers the place where she and Winston first begin their affair.When Orwell describes her, he talks about her sweet supple waist, which seemed to ask you to encircle it with your arm (Orwell 17) and describes the scarlet sash around it. It is ironic that Orwell would go to such great lengths to describe Julia as an attractive feminine character, since she is a member of the Junior Anti-Sex League. Typically, those associated with groups that espouse feminism try to downplay their ladylike characteristics. It is also ironic that the sash around her waist is scarlet. Scarlet is a color most associated with passion and love, concepts that the Junior Anti-Sex League did not agree with.One of the key tenants of the Junior Anti-Sex League is chastity. When using symbolism, most authors choose the color blue in order to convey a sense of loyalty, fidelity, constancy, and chastity (Jaffe). This is wherefore The Virgin Mary is typically painted wearing blue. An example of symbolism, prolific throughout the story, is that the lives of the characters are in telescreens. A telescreen is a device that received and transmitted simultaneously (Orwell 6), and allowe d Big Brother to keep an eye on the people. The telescreens directly symbolized the pervasive nature of a totalitarian governments desire to control the populace.Throughout his life, Orwell had experiences that helped shape his view of these government types. As a young man, Orwell worked as a peace officer in Burma. There, he saw the way the British government treated the native Burmese people. Orwell became outraged with the inhumanity that pervaded the British Imperial and eventually published two of his most famous essays, A Hanging and Shooting an Elephant (Brunsdale 7). Orwell was also able to see the horrors committed by the Soviet Union, where an estimated seven million perished in 1940 alone (Tolstoy 283).Because of his life experiences, Orwell used the telescreens as a metaphor for how governments abuse their power, and to shed light on his distaste for totalitarianism. As the story progresses, Winston finds an antique shop. Among other things, Winston purchases a field m eth paperweight. internal the glass is a piece of coral. Orwell describes the paperweight as a heavy lump of glass, curved on one side, flat on the other with a strange, pink, convoluted target that recalled a rose or a sea anemone (Orwell 80).Winston is impressed by how large the coral appears to him and feels that it has a sense of permanence and importance. Winstons paperweight has a piece of coral embedded in it, and he examines it intently, surprised that anything so delicate could survive in a brutal age (Shelden 431). The paperweight is important for two reasons. One is to show how little the people know of how old something is. The paperweight is the cheap type of nick-nack that would be found in a gift shop at a hospital or a truck stop. However, the man at the antique store estimates that it wasnt made less han a hundred old age ago and how he can remember when a thing like that would have fetched eight pounds (Orwell 81). The other indicates that the paperweight repres ents the spirit inside of Winston Smith. When Smith is finally captured (ironically at the antique store where he felt he was safest from The Party and their telescreens), the agents of the Party shatter the glass and reveal how small and insignificant the coral inside the glass actually is. This truly upsets Winston and signals the beginning of the crushing of his spirit and the inevitability of a Party victory.The game of chess is also used by Orwell to show the absorb of the characters in 1984. Chess, in its simplest form, is a strategy game where the object is to capture the king. The pieces are typically black and white. In literature, this is considered a metaphor for good (white) versus despicable (black). Chess is also used as a metaphor in William Shakespeares The Tempest, along with many other pieces of classic literature. In The Tempest, Shakespeare uses the chess game to show how Prosperos daughter has cunningly built alliances and manipulated people with the skill of a great chess player.She exclaims, the strongest piece is the queen and the combat always ends with the cry, better half (Frans van Dijkhuizen). This signifies her triumph over Prospero. In 1984, Orwell complicates things by using his unique style to give the reader a better understanding of Winstons life. Orwell tells the reader that the citizens of Oceania receive chess problems daily in their newspapers. In these problems, the citizen is assigned the black chess piece. Rather than use white as the color attached to the protagonist, he assigns white to the Party.This symbolizes the irony that, although the reader knows the Party is evil, the lines have been skewed for the characters in 1984 by the indoctrination into their society. This uncommon twist shows that in the eyes of the Party, they hold the moral full(prenominal) ground. As the game plays out, Winston ends up losing the problem to the party and recalls, in no chess problem since the beginning of the world has black e ver won(Orwell 238). This symbolizes the diplomacy of life and the imminence of death that permeates all of the characters lives. Bowker 370) George Orwells novel 1984 has left an indelible mark on pop culture and will probably be studied for years to come. It is uncanny to see how some of his predictions have come true. It is also telling of the impact that 1984 has had on society words and phrases like Newspeak and Orwellian are now part of the English language. His very particular perspective on the world, his ability to see how whole systems function and the threat they pose, and to portray them in the most limpid of prose in all their comedy and horror that vision is instantly recognized as Orwellian (Bowker 434). Orwell revealed in the starkest way the threat which not only totalitarianism offers to individual freedom and thought, but also science unconstrained by morality (Bowker 434). While many authors have used symbolism and irony in their works, perhaps none have used t hem as masterfully as George Orwell did in 1984. Works Cited Alinsky, Saul. Rules for Radicals. Vintage ed. New York, NY Random House, Inc. , 1989. Print. Bowker, Gordon. Inside George Orwell A Biography. 1st ed. New York, NY Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.Print. Brunsdale, Mitzi. Student Companion to George Orwell. 1st. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 2000. Print. Frans van Dijkhuizen, Jan. Prosperos Dream. The Tempest and the Court Masque Inverted. Web. 17 Nov 2009. . Jaffe, Eric. Dictionary of Symbolism. 2001. University of Michigan, Web. 19 Nov 2009. . Orwell, George. 1984. New York, NY Penguin Putnam Inc. , 1950. Print. pagename=arc_ayn_rand_the_nature_of_government. Rand, Ayn. The personality of Government. Ayn Rand Center for Individual Rights. Web. 16 Nov 2009.

Philosophy of Gender Essay

Some people aspire for successful lives, but I think success is overrated. What Im trying to do is living my life according to what I think is right. This means learning not all inside the classroom, but also outside. This is because I believe that education inside the classroom is very limited, which is why we should take the initiative to control our education. So I start my day by having breakfast. I also read the paper spell eating. One must still be aware of the current political and social issues we must never be isolated from society. These are the peoples issues, so we must not be isolated from what they are engaged in. We are working for a relegate society not for ourselves, but also for other(a) people and the next generation, so we must be integrated with their issues. After breakfast, I go to school. In school, aside from attending class, I talk to the personnel. I ask their opinion on issues. I ask how their lives are. Through this way, I hold fast a side on how th ey think. It is very interesting because they are usually very outspoken. Sometimes, I learn so much more from them than the textbooks they make us read in class. After class, I sometimes do volunteer work. I treat this as my other class. It supplements what I learn in class, and sometimes I get to apply what I learned inside the classroom as well. This class teaches me a lot, from relating with other people to critical thinking. Then I go home. I eat, study, then read. I may not have a lot of stuff, but I do have a lot of books. I sock reading. This opens my mind to a lot of possibilities, as well as solutions. I also love reading about great odds being surpassed by ordinary people. For a democracy to work, I think the citizens should be proactive people. For this to happen, they have to be trained even while in school. And this would entail allow them take control of their education, planning their own curriculum, carrying out their own lesson plan.When mavin speaks of a ration al state of consciousness, one is talking of the state when ones mind is consciously doing something, like crossing the street. This kind of state requires ones full attention. When one speaks of non-rational consciousness, it is when ones mind is engaging in an activity that ones mind can do subconsciously its whole attention is not on the activity. Habits and learned behavior fall chthonic this state. An example would be tapping ones foot. And when one talks of the irrational state, it is the state of being unconscious, such as sleeping deeply. When in this state, one is unconscious of what is happening.Have you had your heart broken? I have, once. I loved her, but she left me. Maybe she judgement the world is a better companion. I do not know. It has been years. Her name was Lilith. She was a remarkable being, all magic and desire. She had hair that was like waterfalls cascading down to earth fluid, wild, breath-taking, hypnotizing. Her body was like the hills and mountains of the earth, curvaceous and fertile. She also provided the capable stimulation that I needed. In my youth, I was too arrogant and stubborn to see that. I had asked Father for a mate. I was lonely, and I had no one to share my experiences of naming and taking care of the creatures Father put under my care. I also complimentsed someone who would complement my efforts of organizing the whole of Creation, listening intently, while serving me a delicious meal. So I told the Father how lonely I was. He make a mate, and called it woman. I accepted her, and we lived together. I thought we were going to be happy together forever in paradise. I made her wait on me, serve me, obey me. I wanted her to only wander when I was with her. I wanted her to do all the domestic duties, because I was busy managing the Garden of Eden. We got along sometimes. Lilith, skilled with words, would contribute to my summary of what I did during the day, pointing out which names fitted the creature exactly. I tha nkfully used her suggestions, being inept with words, having been alone for some time. But mostly we fought day and night. We had different views on most things. She wanted to talk about how we feel I could not successfully keep up with her analysis on why she is annoyed when the sheep well(p) leaves its droppings lying around.She wanted to do things on her own she could not understand that I was afraid of losing her, which is why I do not want her wandering off. She wanted the privilege of naming and managing the creatures in Creation I could not make her understand that this was a job given to me, and she should try other activities in the Garden. She talked of how Eden could be made better I would rather focus on the conditions now. So we fought. She would not do the things I told her were her duties as my wife. She verbalize she wanted to do other things. She could not understand that her declining means undermining my authority. I know I should not have shouted at her and pul led her hair, but she made me angry. So when she left, I did not go looking for her. We have had disputes before, and though it is unlike her to not talk the problem over, I decided to pay no heed. But then, days after, she has not yet returned. So I told the Father of my concern. He sent messengers to her, but she would not yield. She would not come back to Eden, to me.

Prelude no 15 in Db major by Chopin

The song Prelude no.15 by Chopin, also k at presentn as the raindrop prelude is write in ternary form, which means its an ABA structure. Its structure unlike galore(postnominal) other preludes has a very clear Ternary form structure with a closing curtain at the end to finish the make-up nicely. Section A is written in Db, while section B is written enharmonically in C minor. Although it is in Ternary form the piece can be split into 4 parts. The Coda, A, B, and A again.Melody and RhythmJust like the name of the piece, Raindrop, throughout the piece sustained notes are used to act as the continuous raindrops falling. During the piece such as in the first bar, Chopin uses descending notes and arpeggios to represent falling raindrops. He also uses septuplets and turns to shape similar effects. He changes to the relative minor and dominant keys to create variation within the melody.TonalityThe Raindrop Prelude is written in Db major with 5 flats. Bb, Eb, Ab, Db and Gb. The piece is generally tonal and uses many different relative keys to create variation throughout the piece.Texture.Although the Raindrop Prelude is written and compete on one piano the texture is generally quite thick throughout. Chopin, in the B section, uses a technique called doubling to create a regnant and a build up of the texture. This is where a note is played in octaves in both hands creating a more than emotional feeling as well, as a feature of romantic music. The texture could be described as both polyphonic and homophonic as the melody above the pedaled notes is more complex but fits in with many of the sustained notes.Use of Piano.Because Prelude no. 15 is written for piano Chopin uses the abilities of the piano very well to create variation among sections. For example, in section B the melody is played in the Left hand rather than the Right which created a low forceful and herculean sound. Also by using pedaled notes in both the harmony and melody the sound of the piano create d the feel of raindrops. Chopin also wrote Prelude no. 15 because many pieces of music were created for the piano in the Romantic era as the instrument was developed and made bigger which enables it to create Cantabile sounds and sustained slurs with pedals. Also pianos were now able to make larger ranges of dynamics, articulation and pitches because of the use of hammers on strings and the extension of octaves.

Against Same Sex Marriage Essay

The legalization of the spousal relationship among same(p) conjure up couples willing permanently change the rite of marriage in our society. The legalization of queer marriage will quickly ruin the tralatitious family. marriage is the institution that forms and upholds for society, the cultural and social values and symbol related to procreation. That is, it establishes the values that govern the transmission system of human feel to the next contemporaries and the nurturing of that life in the basic societal unit, the family. Through marriage our society works out the relationship of twain people who will together create and nurture a new generation.To change the comment of marriage to include same sex marriage couples would destroy its capacity to function in many ways. It could no longer represent procreative relationships of opposite sex marriages.Reproduction is the fundamental occurrence on which the future of life depends. It is the primary reason why marriage is so important to society. In same sex marriages procreation would be eliminated entirely.First, when the relegate sanctions homosexual relationships and gives them its blessing, the younger generation becomes confused about sexual identity and quickly loses its understanding of lifelong commitments, emotional bonding, sexual purity, the role of peasantren in a family, and from spiritual prospective, the sanctity of marriage. Marriage is reduced to a partnership that provides attractive benefits and sexual convenience. Cohabitation and short term relationships are the inevitable result.Second, the introduction of legalized gay marriages will lead to polygamy and other alternatives to the whizz man, on woman unions. Why will gay marriage set the table for polygamy? Because there is no place to stop once the line has been crossed. Historically, the definition of marriage has rested on a foundation of tradition, legal precedent, theology, and the overwhelming support of the people. Af ter the introduction of marriage between homosexuals it will be back up by nonhing more substantiated than the opinion of a single judge or by a black-robed panel of dependableices (Marriage under Fire).After their decision, the family will incorporate of little more than someones interpretation of rights. Given that unstable legal judgment, it is certain some self-possessed judge, somewhere, will soon rule that collar men or three women can marry. How about group marriage or marriage between cousins, or marriage between parent and infant? How about marriage between a man and his animal? Anything allegedly linked to civil rights will be doable. The legal underpinnings for marriage will pull in been destroyed. These other couples restricted from marrying are not equivalent to homosexual couples, but are necessary to illustrate that marriage is heavily regulated, and for good reason.When a state recognizes a marriage, it bestows upon the couple certain benefits which are costly to both the state and other individuals. Collecting a deceased spouses social security, claiming an unornamented tax exemption for a spouse, and having the right to be covered under a spouses health insurance policy are just a few examples of its costly benefits associated with marriage. In a sense, a married couple receives a subsidy. A marriage between two unrelated heterosexuals is liable(predicate) to result in a family with children. For this reason, states have, in varying degrees, restricted from marriage, couples unlikely to produce children.One may argue that sapphics are capable of procreating via artificial insemination, so the state does have an interest in recognizing lesbian marriages, but a lesbians sexual relationship, committed or not, has no bearing on her ability to reproduce (Single Parent What Helps, What Hurts). However, there is ample evidence that children need both female and male parent for proper development. It is essential for a child to be nurtured by parents of both sexes if a child is to learn to function in a society made up of both sexes (Life without Father). With the legalization of homosexual marriage, every public school in the nation will be required to teach that this lifestyle is the moral equivalent of traditional marriage between a woman and a man.Textbooks, even in conservative states, will have to depict man/man and woman/woman relationships and stories written for children as young as elementary or even kindergarten, will have to give equal space to homosexuals. Every public school will in like manner be forced to teach that same sex marriage and homosexuality are perfectly normal. They will teach little boysand little girls that husband and married woman and father and moother are merely optional for a family and therfore, meaningless (No Gay Marriage). Same sex families deny children either a mother or father. In certain cases, the same sex family is not driven by the take of children, but rather by the rad ical wishes of a small group of adults. Thousands of make social science, psychological and medical studies show that children living in fatherless families, on average, suffer dramatically in every measure of well-being. These children suffer from high levels of loneliness, physical or mental illness, behavior problems, educational failure or criminal troubles.The third reason marriage between homosexuals will destroy traditional marriage is that this is the ultimate goal of activists, and they will not stop until they achieve it. Homosexual activists, with their inner power and exhilaration, feel the political climate is right to part us what they have wanted all along. Gay marriages are likely to do for gay rights what the rallying cry of abortion on demand did for the satisfactory Rights Amendment and the womens movement. It diverts the real debate on every level. It reduces the cause of gay rights to a single issue. But the real deal is most gays and lesbians do not want to marry each other. They do not want to entangle themselves in all sorts of legal constraints (Single Parent What Helps, What Hurts). In a perfect democratic world, gay marriage would be an option for those who want it. However, this world is not a perfect democracy, and the fight for gay marriage is the wrong fight at the wrong time (Focus on Family).In conclusion, the reason for excluding same sex couples from marriage matters If the reason for denying homosexual marriage is that we have no respect for same sex couples and their relationships and want to give the message that homosexuality is wrong, then that is discrimination and that is wrong. On the other hand, if the reason is to keep the very nature, essence and substance of marriage intact, and the essence is to protect the procreative relationship, then excluding same sex couples from marriage is ethically acceptable. This such refusal is not discrimination. Ethics requires us to resign the least(prenominal) invasive, lea st restrictive alternative, reasonably available and likely to be effective in achieving a justifiedgoal. Maintaining a traditional marriage and legally recognizing same sex partnerships fulfills that ethical requirement (Why Marriage Matters).Gay and lesbian people have a right to form meaningful relationships. They do not have a right to redefine marriage for all of us. What will happen to society if marriage becomes anything or everything or nothing? The short answer is that the state will lose its compelling interest in marital relationships altogether. After marriage has been redefined, divorces will be obtained instantly, will not involve a court, and will take on the status of a drivers license or hunting permit. With the family out of the way, all rights and privileges of marriage will accrue to gay and lesbian partners without the legal entanglements and commitments associated with it.These are a few reasons why I am against homosexual marriage. Legalizing it will change ev erything, especially the institution of the family. Every society needs natural marriage- as many men as possible each finding a woman, caring for and committing himself exclusively to her- working together to create and enrol the next generation.

Fiscal Policy Paper Essay

The get together States has been known as a bolide throughtaboo the world and as having a good reputation with other countries. With the deficit, surplus and a highschool debt has designerd the get together States to lose twain(prenominal) of its stature on an international level. The national debt has three parts concerning financial policies, prevailing economic conditions, public policy, and demographic flip-flops. The United States has had annual deficits spending a lot much than the Department of Treasury has collected. This has occurred almost every year since the nation has been around. This is what has established the United States as a preeminent global power that it is right now. (Financial Regulations, 2012). If the deficit and debts go along in a descending(prenominal) spiral this will get under sensations skin an effect on the strength and status of the United States bargaining power. tour the United States could faces inflation, on the international level it could cause the American dollar to depreciate and this would harm the United Stated international competitive power. If this happens the reputation of the United States would diminish on an international level as well.When the United State is here and nowing goods, an Italian clothing company can reap the benefits. If Italys prudence is strong enough when the United States runs a trade deficit, an Italian clothing company will continue to grow and produce jobs for the people in Italy. It is opposite if the United States runs a trade surplus, this can cause an Italian clothing company to shut down because the company will non be producing the goods that the United States need. When there is a debt in the United States and a hold for Italian clothing company to import their products, the United States must sell off assets at a move value to cover the demand of the products. (According to Research and Data 2011). If the United States does not have any assets to sell they will have to seize on the product from the company and pay them back at a later time. This will make their debt bigger because they will have to pay back the debt plus fire on the total price. Today the unemployment prise is a serious problem in parts of our country. People who atomic number 18 un busy are not gainful taxes. Unemployment is a gigantic part of the deficit. A large amount of people go from employed to unemployment at a fast rate. People are losing their jobs for manyreasons which push them to the unemployment line. Unemployment benefits are designed to facilitate people until they can find employment. When jobs are lost, salaries stop, taxes are not being paid, and the organization is pay out unemployment benefits to people who are not working.There has to be some kind of solutions to help curve the unemployment problems. Creating study programs for high demand positions should be offered to unemployed clients to get them back to work. Most students rely on scho olchild loans, Pell grants and any assistance they can get from the government to help them further their education. In February, there was a threatened sequester and education funds were affected. Education was one of the areas that was in the line of fire and was dialogue of cuts ensued. This would hurt many students because it would decide if they would be able to continue attending school. It would also hurt the universities because some had already experienced cuts within the system. President Obama spoke about funding for education and how important it is to continue. To march on the Pell Grants safe, other areas were targeted. The Leap grants, subsidized loans, Trio program, and Perkins loan were all at risk. It all comes down to the economy. silver has to be moved around and often causes problem for many. In the end students will watch over interest rates on loans rising and higher payment to repay after graduation. Taxpayers suffer from the debt and deficit because taxe s are raised to offset the deficit and debt. If the debt is high concerns on how the debt is going to get paid grows. The debt is what owed by the federal government.Since the government continues to borrow funds from the Social Security Trust Fund, future Social Security is in jeopardy. Its predicted that over the next 20 years the kind security fund will not have enough to cover the benefits of the baby boomers that will be ready to retire. These benefits will have to be paid so taxes will have to be raised and other government programs will have to be cut. With the future predication of much(prenominal) social security recipients it leaves fewer workers to pay into the system. Future social security and Medicare users depend on the surplus to fund their benefits. For years Social security had a huge surplus because it collected more in taxes than what was paid out. Beginning in 2010 Social Security started paying out more in benefits causing a need for concern. Raising taxes is one way to ontogenesis the social security fund. It is highly unlikely that Social Security andMedicare will be cut because both are funded by employees, employers and those self-employed (taxpayers), As long as people are working and paying taxes Medicare and Social Security will always have funding. Its important to understand that a considerable part of the loss in U.S. manufacturing jobs has not except been a story of higher productivity stellar(a) to fewer jobsas was the case with the transformation of the U.S. agricultural sector over the last century. Its been more a story of decline in output due to a loss of international competitiveness.This is wherefore the decline of U.S. manufacturing merits a serious policy response. Look at Detroit for example the decline of car pains and factory jobs have been in constant decline because of the way this country sends jobs to other countries for cheaper labor. So in essence why would a foreign country buy cars from the U.S. w hen they know what it cost to make them? And more than likely we are in debt to them which would in part make us sell cheaper than what we want just because of it. The debt affects the deficit in three ways. First, the debt actually gives a better indication of the true deficit severally year. You can more accurately gauge the deficit by comparing each years debt to last years debt. That is because the budget deficit, as reported in each years budget, does not include the amount owed to the Social Security Fund.However, this is a debt that will need to be repaid one day, and so the amount borrowed from it is a more accurate description of each years government liabilities than the reported budget deficit. As one can imagine economic production and growth and what gross domestic product represents, has a large impact on nearly everyone within that economy. For example, when the economy is healthy, you will typically see low unemployment and wage increases as businesses demand labor to meet the growing economy. A significant change in GDP, whether up or down, usually has a significant effect on the stock market. Its not hard to understand why a bad economy usually means lower profits for companies, which in turn means lower stock prices. Investors really worry about contradict GDP growth, which is one of the factors economists use to determine whether an economy is in a recession. ?ReferencesSt. Louise Federal Reserve, Deficit, Debts and Trust Funds, wondrous 2006)http//www.investopedia.com/articles/ useconomy.about.com Fiscal Policy Financial Regulations. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.cfr.org research and data. (2011). Retrieved from http//www.phil.frb.org Colander, D. C. (2010). Macroeconomics (8th ed.). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Politics and Hierarchy in Shakespeares As You like It Essay

In William Shakespeares joke, As you Like It, there are lots of raise themes which both drive the movement and speak to the culture that the author lived in. Among those interest themes are the classic Shakespearean ideal of love, issues dealing with family descents, and peradventure more importantly, governing and hierarchy. In this get laiddy, the dichotomy surrounded by certain characters becomes evident early on and continues for the integrality of the work.Over time, the reader comes to downstairsstand that many of the decisions made by Orlando and Oliver in their impinge are due(p) to the perceived hierarchy of the society and the politics that would result from the decisions. In addition, the race between Duke Frederick and Duke of age(p) is angiotensin-converting enzyme that explores lots of hierarchical themes associated with living in England at the time. These pertinent examples and more are explored in a light, intellectual way throughout the play. Politics and hierarchy are primarily relevant when cardinal considers the relationships between the various characters. One important plot aspect is the relationship between Orlando and Oliver. Orlando is a victim of linguistic context and he is fully aware of his plight. In a way, he is a sympathetic character that has no recourse in trying to take a shit his situation bump offend.In his relationship with his older br many other, Orlando is unceasingly under emotional torment from Oliver. Their conflict is at the heart of the story and it is an important theme throughout. Where does this conflict come from? Ultimately, it is the result of a decision that was made by the fuck off of the ii boys. Oliver received the inheritance from the father and took advantage of the land in his fathers estate. From that, there exists a hierarchical battle between the two brothers for the rest of their life. The stark contrast in the hierarchy is best represented by these two brothers because the example is so pure. Oliver is different from Orlando not plainly because he owns the estate, but in uniform manner because he has other advantages that put him above Orlando in social military position. During the comedy, there are many times when Orlando mass be found telling his servant Adam that Oliver refuses to educate him and provide anything for him. Though the reader does not love much about the relationship of the brothers before their father died, one can reasonably infer that they had a decent relationship. Once Oliver elevated himself to a greater status in the hierarchy, he not only abandoned Orlando, but even took the initiative to make his brothers life harder.This even comes to a violent head when the two brothers engage in a fight when Oliver comes to see Orlando. Orlando gets the better of that conflict and makes sure that Oliver understands that. Since this is a comedy, Shakespeare makes sure that the conflict between the brothers is presented in a sarcastic nature that the readers can enjoy. Clearly, Orlando makes light of his own plight and even makes a comment about his relatively low status in comparison to his brother. In the play, Orlando remarks to Oliver, I am helping you to mar that which God made, a poor, deplorable brother of yours, with idleness (Shakespeare). This sarcasm is put into the play to provide a light moment, but it also represents the fact that Oliver looks upon his brother as being something of a joke. There is another hierarchical aspect of their relationship that must be considered. During that time, there was a huge gap in education for the wealthy and the poor. As such, those with money could go to the few schools that existed, while people without money had to learn skills in order to survive. From this, a certain perception began to exist that colored uneducated people as being somewhat barbaric. This interesting dichotomy is presented well by Shakespeare, as he attempts to inform the reader that Orlando is both a better fighter and a more vindictive person, while his brother Oliver was much more cultured. This was one of the many ways that people were separated by class during that time. It was all based upon money, wealth, and personnel, but other things came as a result of that. As only Orlandos brother, Oliver should have never taken a eccentric of sovereignty over him. Instead, their relationship should have still existed like a normal one during that time. However, William Shakespeare uses the relationship between the two brothers in this play as a means of displaying his own semi semipolitical thoughts during the time. A Paul Yachnin article published in the HighBeam Encyclopedia indicates the fact that Shakespeare did this in many of his plays.In that article, Yachnin writes, In the play, the political and social relations between masters and their subjects places loyalty at the center of the system of relations devoted to instituting a regime of absolutist politics (Yac hnin). The loyalty between the brothers is at the center of their conflict, as Orlando feels that his brother has not been loyal to him because of social status. On the flip side of that, Oliver feels that Orlando should look up to him as something of a master, when in fact, they are rightful(prenominal) brothers. This is an interest dichotomy between the two characters that plays itself out in a series of fights, both physical and verbal. In addition to the aforementioned hierarchy in Shakespeares play, politics also play a huge fibre in driving the action. Though politics are not a major player in the relationship between Orlando and Oliver, they do power the relationship between Duke Frederick and Duke Senior. In fact, this is one of the primary plot sequences that is very important to the storyline. Duke Frederick oversteps his bounds in this comedy, as he is not supposed to move to the top of the political latter over his brother.In face society at the time, people were lock ed into their roles in society. This was true even among the rich people. Though they were intelligibly above poor people in society, they had to worry about staying put in their position in the upper crust of the political scene. When Duke Frederick supplants Duke Senior in the political scene, a huge conflict is born. Interestingly, Shakespeare finds a creative way to intertwine the two separate stories, drawing connections between the social roles of the various characters in the story. Politics play a substantial role in the plight of the two dukes because they cause Duke Senior to have to live somewhere else. When Duke Frederick takes the place of his older brother, there is no option that allows both of them to just live in harmony in the same area. Instead, Duke Senior is banished from the duchy and has to live with plain nobles in a wooded area. Though he did not get banished to living with the peasants who were living completely off of the land and good graces of the upper crust, Duke Senior did not get to take advantage of the life with which he had become accustomed. That is a very important theme for the story. The Alan Bloom book, Shakespeares Politics, has an interesting take on the inner workings of how the author thought. There is lots of speculation about what sort of political psyche William Shakespeare was and the majority of that can be seen in his works. In As You Like It, it is clear that Shakespeare both searched for and forecast out the answers to many of the most important questions of his day. According to Bloom, the author tosses harsh criticism on some of the systems that existed during his day (Bloom). Some examples of this include Shakespeares constant criticism of the class system, which he believed was bad for English society.While Shakespeare may have taken harder political stances in some of his other works like Julius Caesar, he certainly addresses the current landscape in each of his works. When dealing with the two Duke s in As you Like It, Shakespeare makes light of how their folly makes both of their lives more difficult. It was an interesting approach to take because most of the political thought during the time was breaking down the class distinctions between the reach and the poor.Very few authors or thinkers had even considered the politics that existed among the distinct groups. Shakespeare had the progressive vision to try his best to understand what sort of political motives drove advancement inwardly certain social castes. In this comedy, he finds that even the rich have it off for position, as Duke Frederick used creative means to get rid of his older brother and take obligate of the power in the society. Robin Headlam Wells wrote a book about how Shakespeare used politics as a major theme in his work. In the book, Shakespeare, Politics, and the State, Wells writes about how Shakespeare constantly uses the voices of his characters to present problems within the political and hierarchi cal system (Wells). In this particular comedy, the beauty of the work is that each of the characters has their own role in the madness that existed within the English political system at the time. He uses all of the characters to make it well known that no one individual person or individual group was modify less or more by the makeshift caste system that England used. Shakespeare himself was one of the people who mum how the political system could impact just about everyone. In order to understand the uses in his book, one has to understand Shakespeares political opinions and his experiences with politics. One website indicated that, Shakespeare knew people who had been arrested and tortured friends and family members (William-Shakespeare.org).This is interesting to consider in that he knew that people who did not have affluence had a hard time surviving in the current political system. As such, his criticisms of the current political system had to be somewhat hushed by the cons tant fear that he might be prosecuted for such comments. Given the fact that Shakespeare had family that had been the victim of political happenstance, it is interesting to consider his take on the dynamic of Orlando and Oliver. The author understood the plight of Orlando more so than he did the situation of Oliver, so in many ways, he favors Orlando in his writing. As you Like It is an interesting play by William Shakespeare that addresses many different themes that were prevalent in English society during the time of the author. Among those are the green themes of politics and hierarchy. In his breakdown of the various relationship of individuals within the comedy, Shakespeare actually sheds a little second of light on what it might have been like to live in England during that time.Works CitedAlexander, Catherine. Shakespeare and Politics. 13 kinfolk 2004. Cambridge University Press.Bloom, Allan. Shakespeares Politics. 1 December 1996. Chicago, Illinois University of Chicago P ress.Shakespeare, William. As You Like It. Wells, Robin Headlam. Shakespeare Politics and State. December 1986. Palgrave McMillan Publishing.William Shakespeare and Elizabethan Politics. http//www.william-shakespeare.org.uk/william-shakespeare-politics.htmYachnin, Paul. High Beam Encyclopedia. Shakespeares Politics and Loyalty. 22 March 1993. http//www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-14363559.html

Female Acceptance into a Computer Based Society Essay

INTRODUCTION Advancement on technology had brought different changes into the society. These aims to provide additional comfort and making things consort to a greater extent efficiently. But on that point be changes that stack massnot prevent to happen. These argon biological changes such as getting senile. People oppose to the maturation process as a disconfirming thing. Misconceptions arises that lead to third estate negative behavior towards the develop process. Getting old is a natural process. Anti- ripening solutions ar invented to prevent physical changes that it whitethorn micturate divine service gray pig and wrinkles. Its no secret that our bodies change as we get on. Physical as soundly as psychological changes as effect of maturation can be experienced. Some changes ar obvious, duration others be more subtle. Others, may experience the effects of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, which can gradu all toldy diminish their abilities to participate am ply in activities. While there ar still tidy sum get on comfortably and remain active, howling(a) and vibrant through emerge their surrender a go at its. Their physiologic era may be quite teenageer than their chronological age. Because of the negative connotation on the process of aging, women who are known to be more conscious than men generally find it an issue to accept aging as a natural process of cogniselihood.OBJECTIVESThis work aims to prove the impact of aging to the egg-producing(prenominal) group given in a modern and more get along society. This depart provide description on how female cope, adapt and react to the aging process.SCOPE AND margin The sapidity for c overs the issue of aging on female point of view. . It also provide an overview on what is aging and the physical and mental changes it bring to a individual. This also identify just about misconceptions slightly aging.SIGNIFICANCE The study is significant to discuss the impact of aging t o women. It identifies the reasons on how the female gender reply to the stage of aging. It discusses the common misconceptions regarding aging that can be properly addressed. This study is also significant for future searches related to the topic. cerebrate LITERATUREMisconceptions on AgingThere are a lot of misconceptions about getting old. It is a negative connotation that aging means getting near to the end of growth. And that old age is a l wizardly stage of life. It is also a misconception that when ace is old, he/she believes that there are whole special to certain activities especially in the physical aspect. One fears getting old because of the fear of loosing independence.Another misconception is that people think that the euphoric days of their lives were experienced when they are juvenile. According to a recent study instaln, these some(prenominal) misconceptions vary from the reality regarding the issue of aging. The research was conducted by VA Ann Arbor Healt hcare System and University of Michigan researchers to 540 crowings who were in the midst of the ages of 21 and 40, or over age 60 .They were acquireed to rate their level of happiness through tell questions. The results are published in the June issue of the Journal of Happiness Studies, a major research diary in the field of positive psychological science. There is a stereotype existing between the old and young in the society. One thinks that the happy days of his/her life happens only when he/she is young. In another research by Linda M. Woolf, Ph.D., the concept of ageism was examined between jr. and sometime(a) men and women in the present study. It was entitle Effects of Age and Gender on Perceptions of Younger and Older Adults. The study discusses the older adults are perceive more negatively than younger adults. Through gender inter implement effect, a significant age by was found.Both younger and older men rated stimulant older adults significantly slight positive ly than stimulus younger adults. However, older women rated stimulus older adults significantly more positively than they rated other stimulus-age groups. Older women were the only subject group that did not exhibit a consistent negative bias against older adults. Conversely, younger women rated stimulus older adults more negatively than any subject group.Biological Effects The effects of aging are obvious on the dead remains. Our body is made up of cells and tissues that upkeep on regenerating and replenishing to keep our body sustaining. As we grow old, this process decreases where replacement of old to new cells are s subalterning cause the signs of aging to appear.Physical changes exchangeable poor hearing and declining vision takes place. The strength of passs lessens out-of-pocket to soft tissues like skin and blood vessels that became less flexible are some general changes that occur in the forgiving body as it ages. Skin starts to become dry and wrinkled. It looses it s e in conclusionicity and the glands prevail less so sudor occurs lesser than the usual. Moreover, there is an overall decline in body tone that can be observed. The bodys performance becomes less efficient. nary(prenominal) all people experience decreased organ function to the same degreesome individuals are healthier out-of-pocket to in effect(p) diet and exercise when they are younger.Aging also affects the immune arranging of a person. Human antibody lessens their act against free radicals. The immune strategy also changes with age. The antibodies, disease-fighting proteins, protect the body against bacteria, viruses, and other harmful agents in a healthy immune system. A healthy immune system also prevents the growth of abnormal cells, which can become cancerous. With advancing age, the world power of the immune system to carry out these protective functions is diminishedthe rate of antibody production may switch by as much as 80 percent between age 20 and age 85. Thi s less-effective immune system explains wherefore a bout of influenza, which may make a young adult sick for a few days, can be fatal for an elderly person. For females, these changes on the body due to the advancement of age film a greater issue. Aging causes changes on the physical aspect of a person and one of the major effects of aging occurs in the female reproductive system. With aging, a womans bosoms lose tissue and subcutaneous fat, reducing breast size and fullness. There is also a decrease in the number of mammary ducts. The breasts lose support. Aging breasts commonly flatten and sag, and the nipple may turn in slightly. The areola (the area surrounding the nipple) becomes smaller and may n archaean disappear. Loss of hair around the nipple is common. Breast cancer attempt increases with age. Women should perform monthly breast self-examinations. However, because breast self-exams do not always pick up early stages of breast cancer, women should also talk to their h ealth care providers about mammograms.It also affects the richness troll of a woman. Menopausal stage takes place on about age 45 to age 55 of a female where the ovaries does not longer produce chunk cells. This means that she can no longer bear a child. This is also the end of the menstrual cycle since there is no longer the release of wakeual hormones that motivates the cycle.Although the average onset of menopause occurs in the early part of the sixth decade there is an observable, real and significant decline in the 10 to 15 long time before menstruation ceases. Scientific studies on natural populations (those with high marital rank and no birth control) and on infertility populations all confirm the presence of an age related decline in female fertility independent of all other factors. This effect becomes most prominent after age 35. Aging cause loss of female fertility. Although menstrual ir fixityities generally begin to show in the last half of the 5th decade (a time t ermed perimenopause) there is a marked decrease in fertility in the 10 years preceding this that appears to be independent of male or pelvic factors and scorn the occurrence of regular menstrual cycles and ovulation. Similarly a decrease in success rates for IVF is observen in this population as well. The discussion then chinkms to focus on whether this decrease in fertility is due to ovarian factors, uterine factors or both.In other mammals there does appear to be a soldiers of age related uterine changes that do limit fertility however, initial studies in humans failed to show consistent aging changes. Furthermore it now seems that the endometrium of an ovulatory older woman with appropriate levels of estradiol and progesterone should be able to be appropriately receptive to and supportive of implantation. The catch here is that as we age, even magic spell still regularly menstruating, there are subtle shifts in hormonal patterns that may make the endometrium less receptive. As an example, luteal phase defect is far more common at the edges of reproductive life (very young, very old, newly delivered) moreover progesterone supplementation, which in theory should overcome the defect, does not appear to move over made a significant difference in pregnancy rates for older women.More cause support for the idea that the problem is primarily ovarian in nature comes from the fact that pregnancy rates for younger women and older women undergoing IVF with donor balls are quite comparable. There are however, still some questions about uterine receptivity and study is ongoing in attempts to isolate out the effect of the older uterus from the effect of aging eggs of poor quality. The bottom line for now seems to be that although everyone agrees that egg quality and ovarian reserve definitely decline with age and are perhaps the primary factors causation an age related decrease in female fertility, there may be uterine factors in play as well. Further study to e lucidate the mechanisms at work and, hopefully, to devise new treatment options are indicated.A number of other studies investigates the effects of aging. Scientists have found, for example, a possible explanation for why women have longer average life spans than men. The difference seems to be biologically determined, and male and female sex hormones are probably responsible. The blood levels of female sex hormones drop sharply during menopause. At that time, the incidence of sprightliness disease and high blood pressure in women increases to match the incidence in men, suggesting that the presence of female sex hormones offers some protection against heart disease.Aging Population In developed nations, life anticipation has increased more in the 20th century than it has in all of recorded history. A person born in the United States in 1995 can take care to live more than 35 years longer than a person born in 1900. Today more than 34 million Americans are 65 or older, accountin g for about 13 percent of the population. By the year 2030, their numbers will more than double One in every five Americans will be over age 65.A person who lives 100 years or morea centenarianwas once a rarity, tho today about 60,000 Americans are 100 years or older. By the year 2060, there may be as many as 2.5 million centenarians in the United States. The number of supercentenarianspeople 105 years of age and olderwill probably be as commonplace in the next century as centenarians are fast becoming now.How to Counteract with Aging Knowing what to expect and taking steps to counterbalance the effects of aging can help you wield a young spirit and an independent life. A healthy diet, regular exercise program and positive attitude can help delay the onset and slow the progression of many age-related changes. umpteen of the changes in our musculoskeletal system result more from disuse than from plain aging. Fewer than 10 percent of Americans participate in regular exercise, and t he most sedentary group is over age 50. Stretching is an excellent way to help maintain joint flexibility. Weight training can increase muscle mass and strength, enabling people to move their daily routine activities without maximal exertion. Even moderate amounts of physical activity can reduce your risk of developing high blood pressure, heart disease and some forms of cancer. Much recent research has been conducted on the effects of exercise on aging. In all of the studies described above, exercise had positive effects on aging. It has been found to increase reaction time, assist in predicting good aging, and improve psychological well-being. Factors such as health, social support, efficacy, and motivation are indicators of the maintenance of exercise. One should acknowledge the factors influencing exercise, recognize the numerous benefits of exercise, and take action at any age in order to live a more healthy and happy life now and in old age.Long-term regular exercises may slo w the loss of muscle mass and prevent age-associated increases in body fat. Exercise also helps maintain the bodys response time, as well as its ability to deliver and use oxygen efficiently. Just 30 proceedings of moderate activity, incorporated into your daily routine, can provide health benefits. An exercise program doesnt have to be strenuous to be effective.Walking, square dancing, swimming and bicycling are all recommended activities for maintaining fitness into old age. The 30 minutes of moderate activity can be broken up into shorter periods you might go 15 minutes working in the garden in the morning and 15 minutes walkway in the afternoon. It all adds up. But if youve neer attempted an exercise program before, be sure to see your doctor before starting one now.Psychological Aging Behavioral medicine research over the past several years has identified a umber of psychosocial characteristics that affect the development and course of a full(a) range of life-threatening i llnesses. Included among these psychosocial risk factors are hostility, depression, social isolation, high job strain, and low socioeconomic status.The specific mechanisms whereby these factors influence the pathogenesis and prognosis of major causes of death such as coronary thrombosis heart disease (CHD) and cancer have not been identified yet, but considerable research points to sequent health behaviors (smoking, dietary habits, and alcohol consumption) and biological characteristics (altered functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems SNS, PNS, of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPA axis, and of the immune system) as credibly mediators.Finally, research evaluating interventions targeting psychosocial risk factors in groups of patients with CHD and cancer offer considerable promise that secondary prevention will be shown to have an cardinal place in the treatment and rehabilitation of major chronic diseases . Anti-aging can be a difficult topic to addr ess. A war is currently being fought over the meaning of anti-aging (as research, medicine, brand, or simply adjective) and thus even mentioning the term is likely to prejudice many readers.Defining Anti-Aging Like it or not, anti-aging now has a number of quite different common meanings and connotations. Each is championed by a particular(a) group or loose coalition of interests, but advocates for these groups have a way of diving into the rile without defining their terms. This makes reading about anti-aging techniques, technologies, medicine, products, and debates very confusing for the newcomer. For the scientific community, anti-aging research refers exclusively to slowing, preventing, or reversing the aging process. There is, as of 2007, no medical technology that allows this to be done although the jury is still out on calorie restriction in humans. Nor is there any currently available method (short of postponement for people to die) to accurately measure the effects of an alleged anti-aging therapy. In the medical and more reputable vexation community, anti-aging medicine means early detection, prevention, and reversal of age-related diseases. This is quite different from tackling the aging process itself, and a wide array of strategies and therapies are currently available. Calorie restriction, for example, is a demonstrated way to lower risk for a wide range of age-related degenerative conditions.The wider business community including a great many fraudulent and trivial ventures views anti-aging as a valuable brand and a demonstrated way to increase sales. At the worsened end of the scale, this leads to snake oil salesmen, anti-aging creams that may or may not make your skin get word younger, and infomercials that tout the anti-aging benefits of exercise machines. Broadly, and very charitably, we can look at these varied definitions of anti-aging as meaning to look and feel younger in some way which has no bearing on how long you live or h ow healthy you actually are. The confusion of most interest is between the first two definitions. Many interventions lengthen life span for individuals by preventing or curing specific age-related diseases that would otherwise prove fatal. For example, ask yourself whether preventing heart disease or diabetes is anti-aging medicine. This would have no effect on the aging process, but it would help many people to live longer, healthier lives. Is this anti-aging research? Scientists read no, some medical and business groups say yes. Aging is such a bad word in our society. We dont want to see old people, much less sit next to them. Even old people dont like to be around other old people.But maybe the reason that many seniors cant embrace their golden years is that they have never had it modeled for them. People today just live longer.The fastest growing segment in todays society is those 85 and older. Its a whole new ballgame for seniors today. A lot are unsure what to do or whats ex pected of them. In some ways, were pioneers showing younger folk what to do and what they can do when they are this age.Indeed, the work of a person growing old is that of becoming an elder, discovering spiritual treasures and passing them along to others. Despite physical limitations, there are many positives about aging, including more time to be spent in meditation and prayer, working on a closer connection to god and selves. That meditative work can encourage elders to review their lives, see how they made a difference as well as bringing up old wounds and pains.Its here that seniors wishing to work on forgiving others, themselves and God as they let go of past hurts, grudges and pains.AGING ON FEMALES PERSPECTIVE retort to Physical ChangesIt is a much issue for women when they feel they get old considering females to be a more conscious gender when it comes to the physical aspect. After discussing the physical changes that it can bring, without proper caring, ones body can be a total wreck.Another issue that aging brought is that it lessen ones self esteem. Women are conscious of their age. Youth implies beauty. Something that one tries to preserve while she is still has the youthfulness. That is why anti aging creams, pills etc. are in demand to most women. For example, there is a preference of choosing a younger female. As women age their concerns about health growand rightfully so given that women are at greater risks for some health conditions. For example, according to the Illinois Department on Aging, heart disease is the No. 1 leading cause of death among older women. Women are twice as likely as men to die within the first year of having a heart attack. The second leading cause of death for women is cancerspecifically lung and breast cancerand the third leading cause of death is stroke. Women who have hypertension or diabetes are at greater risk for heart disease and strokes. Like all women, lesbians are at risk for health problems associated with aging. Some evidence suggests that they may even be at greater risk for some age-related health problems. For example, because lesbians as a group are less likely to have been pregnant, more likely to drink alcohol and smokeand more likely to be profoundtheir risk of breast cancer may be greater than the risk among women in the general population. However, we affect much more research before we can say much of anything for sure about lesbians risks for breast cancer or the other leading causes of death. In the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women (CHLEW) study we are collecting information about these and many other health concerns of lesbians. We are happy to report that, in general, the 450 lesbians in our study are overall very healthyin fact, when we first interviewed them in 2000-2001, 74% of them rated their health as good or excellent only 7% said that their health was poor. truly few women in the study reported being diagnosed with breast cancer , heart disea se, or diabetes.However, 17% said that they have high blood pressure (hypertension). One of the reasons for these low rates of problems is that the women are relatively youngthe average age of the women in the study is 39 years (only about a get of them are over 45 years old). As they get older, lesbians, like other women, face high risk for these serious health problems. Because we have not yet discovered the cure for aging it is grievous that we take care of ourselves in order to reduce these risks and improve our overall quality of life. Among the most important ways that we can take care of ourselves include getting regular exercise, not smoking, and using atomic number 11 (salt) and alcohol in moderation.Some misconceptions of women and the truth The older I get, the worse my body will feel. The change magnitude stiffness and aches & pains that often come with age are not a result of age, but are due to lack of movement. Although there are some changes in the tissues in t he process of aging, one can keep back to remain remarkably flexible and free of pain through something as simple as regular stretching. Its too late to start taking care of myself it wont do any good at this age. A healthy lifestyle has been found to be one of the most important factors in how people age. Improvements in lifestyle (with the 3 key areas being good food, exercise and regular relaxation and rest) will bring improvements at any age. Im getting too old to learn new things Research shows that older people can, and do, learn new things. side plays an important role. People who believe they can learn new things do. Sex is only for the young. People can, and do, continue to enjoy sex well into their senior years. People are sexual beings throughout the life cycle, but sexuality is experienced differently at different ages. Changes in hormones affects the experience of sex, and one may need to find different ways to be intimate. Relaxation is key here so that we dont pani c when things dont happen the way they used to. Aging does not imply that they are too old for sex but simply they need to give themselves some breathing elbow room to become familiar with our changing physiologies. The older I get, the less attractive I become. There is cryptograph more attractive than someone who has aged well. There is a special radiance in a elderly person who is at peace with themselves and life. Attractiveness has absolutely nothing to do with age. Its never too late to change the two most important ingredients to graceful aging attitude and lifestyle. At the risk of sounding like a broken record to those of you whove read my previous articles there are two very simple but essential lifestyle ingredients for successful aging -relaxation and stretching.Referenceshttp//www.hope.edu/academic/psychology/335/webrep2/ageexercise.htmhttp//www.chinadaily.com.cn/lifestyle/2006-06/17/content_619419.htmhttp//www.chinadaily.com.cn/lifestyle/2006-06/17/content_619419.h tmhttp//www.webster.edu/woolflm/ageismwoolf.htmlhttp//www.seniorwomen.com/articles/articlesElginOld.htmlhttp//www.riversidehealth.com/articles/aging.htmhttp//orthoinfo.aaos.org/fact/thr_report.cfm?Thread_ID=224&topcategory=Wellnesshttp//infertility.about.com/cs/femalefactors/a/femaleage.htm