Modernity in Spain and Latin America

Modernity in Spain and Latin the States storey of Latin the States II (Revolution Dictatorship)Why has it been so difficult to shit participatory political institutions in Latin America? Introduction end-to-end accounting, Latin America has struggled with repeated clashes betwixt politicians and citizens. The problems caused by these periods in these nations history are still felt today and in order to show the reasons as to why it has been so difficult to establish egalitarian political institutions in these countries, we must investigate distinct periods in their histories that have influence the countries into what they are today.Many of the countries in Latin America experienced their post-independence periods almost the same time, with the majority of countries experiencing their Early Nation Period between 1825 and 1850. These periods smoke be characterised by the struggles for independence and constant civil war and ferment as class systems operated in the countries and so political independence meant diametrical things for varied classes1. Because of this system and their vastly different needs that were to be met by organizations, any attempts to unite the many sides and create democratic political institutions that run the whole of society were, and are still, met with strong opposition.However, it is to be noned that non all of the problems in the country were as a result of politics opposition many of the problems arose due to the countries being so vast and root word being so poor, meaning it was hard to communicate with, and so govern, the people living outside of the main cities2. The majority of these people were indigenous and did not speak Spanish3 and this added to the issues if the people could not understand what they were hearing from the regime, and not serve to this because of a spoken communication barrier, no democratic system would represent their views, no matter how hard it tried. For these marginalised group s, it did not matter which group of creole elite group were in power this time, it was simply another political party who did not understand their views in order to represent them.4For ease of illustration, we shall look to a greater extent closely at two specific countries and two different solely defining periods in their histories.MexicoFocussing firstly on Mexico Mexicos Early subject field Period spanned from 1821 to 18765. During this period, it was clear each region had strong affinities with their own battlefield and so from the outset the political parties who formed the apparent systems of democratic government had to not lone(prenominal) convince the people that they were the best party to be in power, but also, and arguably more importantly, that they should replace their ties with the caudillo6 who ruled their area with an affinity to the country-wide leader who, for many, was nothing more than a name.This problem of the peoples disinclination to embrace a democr atic political system for the whole of Mexico was exacerbated by the fact the caudillos were strongly averse to much(prenominal) a big convert these leaders had ruled their area for over a decade and were not going to submit to a national governing system easily. Indeed, such(prenominal) a system was enti rely antithetical to the interests of the caudillos who would inevitably suffer in these systems7. Thus, they led coups and revolts of their people against the government and since domineering caudillos ruled the people, if the caudillo did not fit in with the newborn system of government, then the people should submit to the views of the caudillo and not equip with the new system of government either8.During this time, not only was Mexico attempting to create a democratic political system amidst unrest from its own citizens, but Spain try to reconquer Mexico (1829), France blocked their Atlantic coast (1838-41) and the United States seized half of Mexicos state of matter (18 46-49). Great Britain also seized the Falkland Islands as Las Malvinas in 1833. Clearly, then, this unstable political environment did not encourage people to embrace the haphazard attempts at creating democratic political institutions in Mexicos Early National Period. Uprisings inspired by caudillos, language barriers preventing understanding and poor infrastructure preventing communication all contributed to the difficulties of the time.It is clear to key that Mexicos early attempts to create democratic political institutions were thwarted by supranational attempt to reconquer the country and by internal attempts to overthrow new governments by caudillos and their supporters. The people felt alienated and isolated from central government, and so when their caudillo whom they knew and with whom they could communicate told them what to do, they understood his rules and followed those rather than follow rules made by the government who did not represent them.BoliviaMoving on to in vestigate a different time in Bolivia. The causes of the difficulties in establishing democratic political institutions in more recent times in Bolivia were less intra-national and more international, due to countries get more reliant on international trade and the world economy. Thus, when this crashed in the 1970s the relatively new democratic governments could not withstand the jam and the countries reverted to past despotic ways.9One school of thought reasons that this was due to the highly high poverty rates in the country citizens were more interested about fighting for their defys by ensuring they had sufficient necessities in order to live than they were about fighting for political democracy. Indeed, in 1976 85% of the Bolivian cosmos were living with unsatisfied basic needs10. This was caused by constant changes in swayer since 1964 and almost antithetical policies of successive leaders,11 meaning people could not rely on the government as policies introduced by one p arty were worried and directly opposing policies introduced by the next12. The people became apathetic to politics as their participation was limited and they knew that phalanx leaders and dictators would not represent their views. No matter which forces regime stormed their way to power, they would continue to suffer.When General Ren Barrientos score a coup in 1964, the following 18 years in politics saw uninterrupted military rule, and General Hugo Banzers absolutism between 1971 and 1978 was the longest spanning of the different regimes13. This time was filled with unrest and violence the military regimes did not appreciate criticism or opposition. Things were done how Banzer exigencyed them to be done and opponents simply disappeared14. Clearly this is not democratic since a dictatorship is the exact opposite of democracy and the peoples views are irrelevant in such systems. Banzer did not seek to redistribute wealth and the people were, again, the ones to suffer. They did not want Banzer to be in the position he was, but he laboured his way to power and there was nothing a normal citizen could do about it.Even after the end of Banzers rule, extreme political derangement meant people distrusted the government. The succeeding governments seemed to forget about the countrys internal problems and focussed so much on international spending and borrowing15 that the people continued to suffer. It wasnt until 1982 when the country elected Siles as president did the people begin to have a say again and attempts to restore democracy were made.Bolivia remains one of the poorest countries in Latin America16, generally seen to be a result of the past authoritarian dictators and their regimes creating insurmountable debt. These leaders did not care about the countrys internal affairs and sought to boost international trade at the expense of their people. The people, therefore, suffered undeniably at the hands of these leaders. It is impossible to create democrat ic political institutions if the leaders do not care about the citizens of the country and seek only to benefit themselves. Bolivia is a prime example of a country who experienced great difficulty in establishing democratic political institutions as the military ruled the country for a long time, and any change in government was not as a result of democratic resource but violent coup. The people simply had to accept what was happening in the politics of their country, or risk their lives trying to change it.ConclusionIt is clear, then, that establishing democratic political institutions has not been easy in Latin America, specifically in Mexico and Bolivia, for many reasons. From the outset, Mexico had to tackle both international opposition to their ruling of their own country, and internal resistance from caudillos and their supporters, while Bolivia continued to struggle until very latterly with dictatorship and extraordinarily high levels of debt preventing development of demo cracy.BibliographyAtlantic Council, Urbanization in Latin America. (2014) ready(prenominal) at http//www.atlanticcouncil.org/publications/articles/urbanization-in-latin-america accessed on 30/11/16BBC, Mexico Profile- Timeline. operational at http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-19828041 accessed on 30/11/16BBC, Timeline Bolivia. Available at http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1218814.stm accessed on 30/11/16Ewout, Frankema The Colonial Origins of disagreement Exploring the Causes and Consequences of Land Distribution in Poverty, Inequality, and Policy in Latin America (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009) pp19-45Fowler, Will. Latin America Since 1780 (Hodder Education, 2008)Hansen, Edward C. Wolf, Eric R. Caudillo Politics A Structured synopsis in Comparative Studies in Society and History, Volume 9, Issue 2 (January 1967) pp168-179Immigration and Refugee venire of Canada, General statistics on killings and disappearances of union activist s. BOL5479, 11 June 1990. Available at https//www.ecoi.net/local_link/170859/272293_en.html accessed on 30/11/16Lynch, John Caudillos in Spanish America 1800- 1850 (Oxford University Press, 1992)McNeish, John-Andrew, Stones on the Road The Politics of Participation and the Generation of Crisis in Bolivia in Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Institute of Anthropology, University of Bergen, Norway, 2006) pp. 220-240,Morales, Juan A. Sachs, Jeffrey D Bolivias Economic Crisis in Developing Country Debt and the World Economy (University of bread Press, 1989) pp57- 80Pastor, Manuel Jr. Bolivia Hyperinflation, Stabilisation and Beyond in diary of ontogenesis Studies, 1991Republic of Bolivia, Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (La Paz, 2001)Sivak, Martin El dictador elegido biografa no autorizada de Hugo Banzer Surez (Plural Editores, 2001)UNICEF, Bolivia. Situation of Poverty in the Country. Available at https//www.unicef.org/bolivia/ English/resources_2332.html accessed on 30/11/161 Will Fowler, Latin America Since 1780 (Hodder Education, 2008) p342 In 1950 only 40% of the Latin American population lived in urban areas. Atlantic Council, Urbanization in Latin America. (2014)Available at http//www.atlanticcouncil.org/publications/articles/urbanization-in-latin-america accessed on 30/11/163 Fowler, Latin America Since 1780 p364 ibid5 BBC, Mexico Profile- Timeline. Available at http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-19828041 accessed on 30/11/166 Caudillos is most accurately translated as chieftain, deriving from the Latin caput meaning head. See Eric R. Wolf, Edward C. Hansen Caudillo Politics A Structured psychoanalysis in Comparative Studies in Society and History, Volume 9, Issue 2 (January 1967) pp168-179 at p1697 Wolf, Hansen, p1708 John Lynch, Caudillos in Spanish America 1800- 1850 (Oxford University Press, 1992)9 Fowler, Latin America Since 1780 p13410 Republic of Bolivia, Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (La Paz, 2001) p1611 Juan A. Morales, Jeffrey D. Sachs Bolivias Economic Crisis in Developing Country Debt and the World Economy (University of Chicago Press, 1989) pp57- 80, table 3.2 p5912 BBC, Timeline Bolivia. Available at http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1218814.stm accessed on 30/11/1613 Martin Sivak, El dictador elegido biografa no autorizada de Hugo Banzer Surez (Plural Editores, 2001)14 Exact figures are unknown. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, General statistics on killings and disappearances of union activists. BOL5479, 11 June 1990. Available at https//www.ecoi.net/local_link/170859/272293_en.html accessed on 30/11/1615 Manuel Pastor, Jr. Bolivia Hyperinflation, Stabilisation and Beyond in Journal of Development Studies, 1991. p21316 UNICEF, Bolivia. Situation of Poverty in the Country. Available at https//www.unicef.org/bolivia/ side of meat/resources_2332.html accessed on 30/11/16

Facilities Available To Small Medium Enterprises In Mauritius Economics Essay

Facilities Available To sm each(prenominal)ish mass medium Enterprises In Mauritius sparings Essay humble and Medium Enterprises have been abandoned differing translations much or less the globe. Some countries refer to the return of employees as their distinctive criteria, near to the amount of invested capital in the vocation, and early(a)s a combine the amount of annual turn all over, capital employed and type of industry.The definition of SMEs in Mauritius has evolved by means ofout the past years. According to the clear Scale assiduity Act of 1988, a Small Enterprise is one which is engaged in manufacturing1 and which personas toil equipment, the aggregate CIF re repute of which does non exceed Rs 500,000.The industrial intricacy Act 1993 defines SMEs as enterprises which be engaged in manufacturing employment turnout equipment, the CIF value of which does non exceed Rs 10 mWith time, came the Small and Medium Industry and instruction situation Act (SMI DO Act 1993) according to which SMEs atomic number 18 delimitate in terms of the size of capital employed and was an attachment to the SSI Act 1988 definition. SMEs argon specify as enterprises engaged in manufacturing and knowledge harvest-feastion equipment in their manufacturing process which includes trans signifieration/conversion of raw materials, repair, packing, group of semi-finished parts into finished goods. The production equipment refers to equipment directly related to production. Such value of production should non exceed Rs 5 million (SMIDO Act 1993). A revision of this definition by the SMIDO Act 1998 altered the value of production of Rs 5m to Rs 10m.Worth pointing out in those definitions quoted above that they consider solitary(prenominal) the manufacturing sector. thence for this study, the close to appropriate definition found was that of the SMEDA Act, which includes enterprises in all economic sectors, and so as to avoid sector specific criteria, turnover criteria is universe employ across sectors.Therefore, the SMEDA Act defines Small enterprises as those who have an annual turnover of not to a greater extent than 10 million MUR, andMedium Enterprises as those with an annual turnover of more than 10 million MUR but not more than 50 million MUR.1. Manufacturing transformation for commercial purposes of raw materials or semi-processed materials into finished or semi-finished goods including the repair, packaging and assembly of inputs into finished or semi-finished goods.For the study, twain small and medium enterprises volition be considered.Contribution of SMEsSMEs argon the erectst group of industrial units in most infradeveloped countries and make a significant contribution to manufacturing output and barter (Wignaraja 2003, p.2). According to the cheek for Economic Coorperation and ripening (OECD), factors much(prenominal) as a countrys economic patterns, social and ethnic dimensions argon reflected though their SMEs. fib (1994) points out that small starchys, no winnings how they atomic number 18 defined, make up the bulk of enterprises in all economies around the world. The latter(prenominal) half of the last century has witnessed widespread roles SMEs and this cannot, in any(prenominal) way, be understated (Bygrave, 1994Timmons,1994). On the issue of job creation, Andrew Stone (World Bank, 1997, Facts some Small affair 1997) said that SMEs urinate more employment than large enterprises and with a lower investment per job created.To the layman, it is clean-living that creation of a Small and Medium enterprise is synonymous to job creation and economic organic evolution. This fact is indeed not false. The positive link in the midst of SMEs and employment creation, poverty alleviation, and economic originateth is universally acknowledged (Beyenne, 2000). In some(prenominal) countries, particularly in East Asia, they are the driving force of the saving. For instance, i n Hong Kong, SMEs account for over 98% of the total establishments and turn in job opportunities to about 1.3 million persons, about 60% of total employment.4According to the Strategic Industrial and SMEs Plan 2010-2013, the emergence of SMEs in the Mauritius has contributed significantly to employment, output and entrepreneurship development at bottom the industrial sector. The last census of the Central Statistical Office carried in 2007 reveals that on that point are around 91 980 small enterprises operating in Mauritius, an growth of about 22% from the 2002 figure of 74, 928. The survey also showed an increase of 18.8 % in the number of persons engaged by these institutions, from 175, 791 in 2002, to 208,797 in 2007, representing approximately 40% of employment. Furthermore, contribution to the Gross Domestic Product was 20%.2. shortly the body regulating SMEs in Mauritius replacing the SEHDA3. Mauritian SME Portal4. Mauritian SME portal vein5. CSO survey 2007SMEs which ar e registered with the SMEDA2 and which will be under interrogation in this study are categorised into 12 sectors as at 2010, namely, Food and Beverages, Leather and Garments, Wood and Furniture, Paper products and Printing, Chemical, Rubber and plastic, Handicrafts, Pottery and Ceramic, jewelry and Related Items, Fabricated Metal Products, Profession/Vocation/Occupation, Trade and barter, argumentation Support Service Sector, Others.3 These total to around 6421 enterprises.Objectives of the studyHaving explained the various definitions of Small and Medium Enterprises and pointed out their importance and contribution to the Mauritian economy, it is now clear that these institutions range a key role in our country. Enterprises in underdeveloped countries, including Mauritius are facing far more competitive environments in this de found moving technological world (World Bank,1999). They are offered various facilities to start their strain as good as to continue and also expand . Among those facilities we find make up, genteelness, caper counseling, market, selective information technology and export incentives. These are ready(prenominal) with a great deal of amend performance from these enterprises and also to make them more cost effective, earn better products in terms of design, forest and reliability to thus be able to compete with not but larger companies on the topical anaesthetic market but also on the foreign market. Now, with the creation of many an(prenominal) support institutions much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the Small and Medium Enterprises outgrowth laterality (SMEDA), National Women Entrepreneur Council (NWEC), man Resources Development Council (HRDC), Enterprise Mauritius (EM), Mauritius Employers Federation (MEF), Development Bank of Mauritius (DBM), Mauritius line of work Growth object (MBGS) which see to it that SMEs want in nothing to operate, the latter have to take estimable advantage of these comforts and a lso make the best use of them and thus reduce muff of mental imagerys. The main aim of this study is to analyse whether these facilities are cosmos given in the right amount, too much, or too little in assistance of SMEs. Other objectives are as quest forsAssess whether SMEs are taking full advantage of these facilities.Consider whether proper use is being do of aid and in that respect is minimum waste of resourcesInvestigate which of these facilities are more all-important(a) for the creation and sustenance of SMEs2.0 Literature Review2.1 A see to it at the need for facilitiesIt is now recognised that Small and Medium- surface Enterprises (SMEs) make a significant contribution to the socio-economic and political infrastructure of developed and developing countries as well as the nations in transition from command to market economies (Matlay and Westhead 2005). harper (1998) notes that the relative and absolute importance of small enterprises has grown enormously over the la st twenty years this real growth has been matched by handgrip of their role. SMEs were once considered as mere stepping stones to real business, but now they are being viewed as being a rattling contributor to the in perplex and development of people. It indeed follows that countries should be ready to help those businesses which come forward with possible projects in terms of providing aid such as pay, marketing, training, adoption of recent-sprung(prenominal) technologies, export incentives and business counseling. Furthermore, it is also expected from these business units to make full use of such incentives being provided to them, usually at lower cost. A look at those incentives will show that while necessary, some are difficult to obtain and some are not used optimally even though they are available much easily. Below, is a exposit look at all the facilities that will be covered in the study.2.2.1 pecuniary supportImportance of financeFinancing is one of the most imp ortant success factors of any business, and Small and Medium Enterprises are no exception. Financing helps them set up and expand their operations, develop new products, and invest in new supply or production facilities. Many small businesses are created by one or two people, who faculty start by investing their own money and/or taking lends from friends and family, or loans from fiscal institutions. After some time in operation, if they are successful, there comes a time when they will feel the need to expand (OECD, 2006). Therefore, finance being the backbone of all firms, it should be accorded much attention. SMEs are today considered by many countries to be of a key importance to the growth of their economy in terms of GDP contribution and also job creation. It therefore follows that these institutions should be having no difficulties in finding funds to not solely start their enterprise, but also for sustenance and growth.However, according to the United Nations, the defici ency of monetary assistance is a persistent problem and it is the most well(p) barrier to SME growth and expansion. Available funds are often amused to the larger enterprises and barely an insignificant number of SMEs seem able to captivate bank support (UN, 1993). Westhead and Wright (2000) state that the absence of adequate funding represents a major obstacle to the entrepreneurial process in a firm regardless of size, location or type of economic activity. Some flavor style entrepreneurs can satisfy their small firms financial need by requesting loans from their families, friends or acquaintances (Hussain and Matlay, 2007). Typically, however, it remains a fact that the vast majority of growth point SMEs rely on yen-term funding made available by banks, financial institutions or venture capitalists. look into has shown that banks hesitate in giving finance aid to small businesses. Pasadilla (2010, p.7) pointed out that banks, in both normal and crisis period, usually g ive priority to low-risk borrowers identical large enterprises with gainful investments and sound corroboratory (ADBI Working Paper 2010, p.7). Banks may avoid providing financial support to certain types of SMEs, in particular, start ups and very young firms that typically lack sufficient collateral, or firms whose activities offer the possibilities of high returns but at a substantial risk of loss (OECD 2006, p.3).The lack of collateral being a prime reason for SMEs not obtaining finance, an opposite rationale is that banks might quiet down elect to grant loans to large and less risky companies rather than SMEs. to boot information asymmetries and inappropriate business syllabuss might also be right smart factors resulting in little or no entrance money to finance.*(Asia Pacific environmental innovation strategies APEIS 2004). However, as Cosh and Hughes (2003) point out, banks remain the main provider of external SME finance, though there may be various financing const raints. The main source of finance to SMEs are bank loans. For example, in the UK, the most predominant way of financing small businesses remains bank loans (D.Irwin and J.Scott 2009, p.2)As a response to the lack of collateral issue, countries might come up with bring Guarantee schemes by either public or close sector. The main aim of such a scheme is to encourage financial institutions to offer finance to SMEs. Under this scheme, the government provides a guarantee to the modify banks on specific types of loans to potentially viable SMEs (National Economic Research Associates, 1990). In return, SMEs pay a premium to the government. save, there are also collateral free schemes to alleviate the problem of lack of collaterals. In this scheme, the SMEs are not required to provide any guarantee at all. In India, SIDBI, UNIDO and Indian Institute for Rural Development (IIRD) have successfully implemented this genial of scheme (APEIS, 2004)Leasing also shows up as an attempt to avoid collaterals. The lessor will remains owner of the asset and the lessee will be required to pay amounts at regular intervals for the use of the leased equipment, vehicle, or any other asset on lease. At the end, the asset can be exchange at a minimum price to the lessee. Indeed, leasing is a very vulgar way of financing assets in many countries.Other means of obtaining finance can be by dint ofEquity financing, that is issuing shares to meet long term capital need,Overdraft where SMEs will be allowed to withdraw money in excess of their actual bank balance, however they will be go about with rather high interest ratesMutual Guarantee Scheme which as stated the Commission of the European Communities, give a corporate guarantee for appropriations provided to their members, who in return contribute to raise the equity and insert in the management of the mutual society2.2.2 genteelnessTraining has been defined as a planned and systematic effort to modify or develop knowledge, ski lls and attitudes through learning experiences, to achieve effective performance in an activity or a range of activities (Garavan et al, 1997). It has been advocated as essential for every(prenominal) job (Tyler, 2005) and SMEs make use of training facilities to varying extents and varying success. Training certainly brings about learning experience which has for aim to improve a persons ability to perform a job. Traditionally, it focuses on technical knowledge, skills and abilities to complete up-to-the-minute tasks (Treven, 2003). When trained, SMEs will attain a higher(prenominal) knowledge of not only the product they are developing but also about issues like how to be abreast to better technology, how to approach people for example suppliers, clients, employees with better tact through human resources training. Furthermore, training provided to employees will increase the quality of labour employed in the product making.The British Chamber of Commerce (2007) points out that w ith proper training scheme, SMEs will be able to husband their staff.Training to SMEs can be For the potential entrepreneurFor employees of the enterprise pitch towards product developmentAdoption of new technology, for example moving from manual of arms system to computerizedFor owners on human resource managementOn financial issues, e.g. costing, investment appraisal, budgeting and forecastingHow to market the productHowever, according to Stanworth and Gray (1992), there has been an identification of industry effects and size effects in reactivity to training with very small firms being least interested in providing employee training. Size and industry in which the SMEs operate can indeed play an important role in whether the SMEs train or not. Small sized companies will be least interested in providing training for factors such as financial issues, and also due to practical considerations. For example, as Kailer (1988) states, SMEs might be reluctant to release employees to att end training interventions.Furthermore, training provided may be too general and not of specific relevance to the SME, resulting in the sector providing fewer training interventions (Westhead and Storey, 1996). Other disincentives that SMEs might face into not providing training is the little potential that these enterprises have in offering higher pay, and they are less equipped to provide internal promotions for employees. As Westhead and Storey (1996) argue, such characteristics, when combined with the resultant increased risk that employees may be poached lead to lower instances of SME training.Moreover, SMEs are often not sensible of the training needs of their enterprise. They do not have the proper staff to analyse such need and advise them into providing some training. As a result, SMEs provide more in positive*refers to mostly on the job training, tutoring and mentoring than formal* training in a systematic approach, more like seminars, pigeonholing targeted trainees unde r one roof. training. Many SMEs admit that their training provisions are informal but are of the opinion that only formal training is real training (Curran,2000). However, very often due to financial constraints, SMEs prefer other forms of training.A study* Training needs and human resource development analysis of SMEs in Mauritius by the European Commission for the Human Resources Development Council of Mauritius in 2008 showed that of the 300 SMEs which interviewed, only 35 % trained on a regular home and were aware of the training grants operated by the HRDC, and of these, only 31 % have used it. These SMEs tended to adopt in-house training. Reasons stated for training were principally for business development and because of the company policy and reasons not to train include the reluctance of specialised skills, and the fact that the employees were already qualified. It was also found that there were significant differences betwixt those enterprises that provided training on a regular basis and those which did not. A positive link was found between the propensity to grow and propensity to train.To encourage SMEs to train more, government can provide incentives, such as free training or financial aid, help to tell apart with labour shortages and hiring difficulties and provision more information to create better awareness. In central and eastern Canada, an important tool to promote training in small businesses is the provision of information about the courses and setting up of additive government programs (Andreea Dulipovici, 2003)2.2.3 MarketingLiterature of marketingMarketing is a vital and indispensable business activity for all types of organizations that create and offer products of valueMarketing in Mauritius2.2.4 ICT and SMEsFor countries in the vanguard of the world economy, the balance between knowledge and resources has shifted so far towards the former that knowledge has become peradventure the most important factor determining the standard of living more than land, than tools, than labour. To long time most technologically advanced economies are truly knowledge-based.World Development Report, 1999As the global economy becomes increasingly reliant on information and communications technology (ICT) to receive, process, and send out information, small businesses do not have to be left out. Adoption of the latest technology or at least basic tools of ICT helps small enterprises to better merge with the developing economy, and operate more cost effectively. It can help SMEs create business opportunities, combat pressures from competition and improve their products through faster communication with their clients and marketing of products online. In 2000, an organization that used paper took on average 7.4 days to move a purchase from request to approval, but if done electronically, only took 1.5 days (Cassidy, 2002)UNESCAP and UNDP-APDIP have collaborated extensively to help formulate strategic policies and mental synthe sis the necessary environment to encourage SMEs take advantage of the net income to create business opportunities in Asia and the Pacific. Many countries such as India, Republic of Korea, and chinaware have created suitable environments to ensure that SMEs are well positioned to capture uphill business opportunities in terms of better technology. India, for example, offered relief from import duties for IT hardware, evaluate deductions for income earned form packet exports, and tax holidays, and developed infrastructure in Software Technology Parks*A strategic review of the software industry in India 1998-1999.At the outset it is not necessary that all SMEs need to adopt ICT tools to the same degree of sophistication (UNDP,2007). The relationship between ICT and SMEs starts on a ground as simple as the use of a telephone to contact suppliers, clients. A fixed line or a mobile phone will do, whichever is more cost effective. another(prenominal) most common tool used is of course the Personal Computers (PCs). The latter are very helpful for simple information processing needs such as producing texts, writing letters, keeping track of accounting items utilize basic software. PCs can also be used to access the Internet for more advanced communications capabilities such as email, file sharing, creating websites, trenchant for information, Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP)* 30% of Skypes*VoIP programme used to communicate via the internet. Worldwide subscribers are primarily SMEs, and e-commerce.Electronic commerce has been defined as the process of buying and selling goods and services electronically through computerized business transactions using the Internet, networks and other digital technologies (Lauden and Lauden, 2000). It also encompasses activities livelihood market transactions such as advertising, marketing, customer support, delivery and payment.ICT oriented SMEs might use advanced Information Technology software such as Enterprise Resource P lanning*offers a single writing table for information on all business functions. which can capture cost savings, or SCM software which helps increase productivity, efficiency of inventory controls, and increase gross revenue through closer relationships and faster delivery times. These allow SMEs to better organize their business, especially if the latter is growing and diversifying.The extent to which ICT will be pick out in SMEs will depend on the size of the business, on the benefits its adoption is planned to bring, on the ICT capacity of the SME and its employees and also on the financing capabilities. in spite of the advantages that adoption of ICT demonstrates, many SMEs do not make use of it. For example, 90% of Thai SMEs still use basic communication technology such as fixed phone line and fax, and only 1% use CRM software. In Malaysia, only 30% of the local SMEs have their own website, and not all of them are updated regularly.Fuller(1993) points out that despite the nu mber of benefits to be gained from technology, based on the users perspective ,SMEs adopt technology according to their self assessments of how the new technologies will change bottom line profitability.2.2.5 Business centering and access to information2.2.6 Export Incentives2.3 Support institutionsAs Wignaraja and Oneil (1999) argue, for the size of the country and its power point of development, Mauritius has a particularly wide range of support services for the SME sector. The handiness of such support is mainly ensured by the Government, parastatal bodies and financial institutions. Below is a deeper look at those institutions in Mauritius.2.3.1 The Small and Medium Enterprises Development AuthorityLooking back at the historical background of institutions supporting SMEs in Mauritius, we find the creation of the Small Industry Unit (SSIU), established under the aegis of the then Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The SSIU became the Small Industry Development Organisation (SI DO) in 1983. 10 years later, the Small and Medium Industry Development Organisation was set up for further development of the SME sector in Mauritius. The SMIDO later merged with the National Handicraft Promotion Agency (NHPA) to form the Small Enterprises and Handicraft Development Authority (SEHDA), whose main aim was to provide support to potential and existing SMEs.More deep (date unavoidable) the SEHDA was replaced by the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority. It is an agency of the Government that has aims like supporting and facilitating the development of entrepreneurship and SMEs in Mauritius. Apart from providing a range of services to the SME sector, SMEDA tries to sensitise the population, through workshops and seminars organized throughout the country, aboutThe benefits of entrepreneurshipKey issues/steps to consider and, procedures to follow when starting a business, andFacilities and resources provided by the SMEDA and other support institutionsServices offered by the SMEDAEase of FinancingThe SMEDA works in collaboration with the DBM to offer some financing aid to SMEs. In fact, DBM is the bank through which the Government provides finance at lower costs to SMEs. The SMEDA along with the bank provides a booster dose (Micro Credit) Loan with a maximum amount of Rs 150, 000 at an interest fool of 9% per annum. No collateral is needed, but the entrepreneurs signing up for that loan need to provide a general floating charge as security. For this kind of loan, there is no need to submit a business plan. This amount is provided for the purchase of equipment and raw materials. The loan is repayable within 5 years and applies to enterprises in manufacturing, handicraft, wad, ICT and agriculture. Another loan is provided for an amount not surpassing Rs 40, 000, interest charge of 8.5 % per annumThe SMEDA also provides grants under the Aegis of the GovernmentMoreover DBM offers other financing schemes such as The Business Development L oan scheme this applies to Manufacturing, Trade and Service, Transport, ICT, Tourism, Art and participation in overseas trade fairs and surveys.Business Counselling and FacilitationSMEDA helps potential entrepreneurs to prepare a business plan in order for them to secure financing from institutions, mainly the DBM. A Business Plan is one where the potential investor will lay down the comment of his thought business and its plans for the next one to three years. It shows what the selected market of the product will be, and also indicates the finance available and what will be needed more to implement the project. As far as business counselling is concerned, potential entrepreneurs SMEDA provides advice about different issues such as discussing and finalizing their business idea. Also, not well-informed entrepreneurs obtain help on issues such as registering of the business, and other steps to follow in establishing their enterprise. Existing entrepreneurs are counselled about the d ifficulties they come up with, and how to take their business to the next level.SMEDA has also come up with an incubator system which helps entrepreneurs who lack physical space to carry on a project, given that the project is a viable one. The incubator is locate at the head office, in Coromandel.Information and DocumentationA website has been recently created to help existing and potential businesspersons in their quest of running a business. This facility helps the cited persons to gather any information they need to set up a business, advice on market research, business plans, importance of financing and financing schemes, training schedules and locations, marketing and fairs organised, articles published by local as well as international bodies, online forms, support institutions are provided online. The site is as follows http//www.gov.mu/portal/sites/smeportal/index.htm.Furthermore, there is the Documentation Centre which gives access to entrepreneurs and the general public to a collection of books, journals, magazines, project files and reports on various sectors.Training2.3.2Chapter 3 Research methodology

History Of The Uae Foreign Policy Politics Essay

History Of The Uae orthogonal Policy Politics EssaySince its establishment in 1971, the coupled Arab Emirates implemented an objective contrasted constitution based some(prenominal) beliefs including the adoption of dialogue, appreciation of supranational conventions, dedication to the United Nations Charter , the non-interference of different countrys internal affairs, and the resolution of disputes by peaceful means.One of the core foundations the UAEs foreign polity has been building coop periodtion-based relations with all countries of the world. These relations have verify a substantial development assistance, which has increased the UAEs importance among recipient states. nigh of this foreign aid (in excess of $15 billion) has been to various Arab and Muslim countries.UAE opposed PolicyThe UAEs political leadership operates within a foreign indemnity framework which emphasizes diplomacy, negotiation and a willingness to help those less fortunate. The UAE is attent ive of its commitment to its neighbors and the worldwide community with regard to regional peace, stability and security. To achieve these goals, it has purposefully built bridges, partnerships and dialogue, and has emphasized moderation, tolerance and respect for all peoples and religions. Relying on these tools of battle has allowed the Government to pursue effective, balanced and wide-ranging ties with the transnational community.One of the commutation features of the UAEs foreign policy has been the development of closer ties with its neighbors in the Arabian Peninsula finished the six-member disjuncture Cooperation Council (GCC). The UAE is as well a member of the Arab League, the Arab Quartet, the Committee for the Arab Peace Initiative, the organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), and many separate regional, international and inter govern anceal organizations, as well as, the United Nations (UN) and its affiliated bodies.UAEs Foreign Policy and its commitment to the security Arabian Gulf and PeninsulaThe UAE it continues to press for the preservation of Gulf waters as an move over international trade zone and the Strait of Hormuz (a strait amidst the Sultanate of Oman and Iran) as an open maritime passageway. However, Irans continuing occupation of collar UAE islands in the Gulf, Abu Musa and the greater and Lesser Tunbs, is a source of instability in the region. Although historically governed by the rulers of the emirates of Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah, they were forcibly occupied by Iran hours before the federation was organise on 2 celestial latitude 1971. The UAE has consistently rejected the Iranian occupation, demanded the proceeds of its full sovereignty and emphasized that all actions and measures interpreted by the occupying Iranian authorities ar illegitimate, and are contrary to international law and to linguistic universal norms. Since 1971, Iran has been unwilling to seek a mutually agreeable solution. The UAE, in contrast, has called for a just settlement of this issue, either through direct negotiation or by referral to the International Court of Justice to settle this dispute in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the provisions of international law.Further afield, in pursuit of regional security, the UAE participated in the GCC attempt to propose an initiative to annunciation the ongoing political crisis in Yemen. In 2011, it played a opposite role in the lead-up to the passing of UN Security Council Resolutions 1970 and 1973 dealing with Libya and within the Libya have-to doe with Group and some other forums. The UAE played a stabilizing role during the Bahrain crisis, providing jurisprudence forces for a GCC-sanctioned plan to bring peace to the island nation and counseling the government and adversary forces to pursue a nationa l strategy for dialogue.More recently, the UAE has condemned the encounter in Syria as heartbreaking pointing out that it exceeds all limits and humanitarian norms and noting with mysterious concern the escalating acts of violence perpetrated by the Syrian regime against its people, which have nude the regime of its legitimacy.Moreover, since the Israeli-Hezbollah war of 2006, the UAE has sponsored the rebuilding of hospitals and schools in southern Lebanon. In 2001, it unite over 60 countries in Afghanistan in providing 1300 troops on the prime in a humanitarian, educational and security mission that continues today. Prior to this, the UAE participated in a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo in the 1990s. It is also among the largest contributors of international aid assistance to developing countries.As a small emerge regional and global player, it is clear that the UAE is dealing with challenges on many fronts and at different levels, largely in cooperation with a diversified group of friends and ally in the GCC, the Arab League, the Organization of the Islamic Conference, and the United Nations and its diverse organizations. UAE foreign policy also emphasizes the strong relationship and mutual interests the country has with the United States and other countries, including the United Kingdom, France and South Korea and, although not a member of NATO, the UAE has chosen to join the coalitions Istanbul Cooperation Initiative (ICI).Terrorism is one such global challenge. In this regard, the UAE continues to revitalize its firm condemnation of all acts of terrorism, illicit trafficking in drugs and arms, and organized law-breaking and reaffirms its resolve to continue cooperating with international and multilateral efforts aimed at total body waste of these activities, which pose a direct threat to international peace and security. In pursuit of this goal, the UAE has announced the establishment of the Centre of Excellence for Countering Violent Extremism in collaboration with several friends and actors, which will begin its work in Abu Dhabi at the end of 2012. overview of UAEs Foreign relations with the US.The UAEs strategic relationship with the United States dates moxie to the 1990 invasion of Kuwait. Subsequent to joining the military effort, the two countries signed an arrangement in late 1992 allowing for US bases on Emirate soil.50 July 25, 1994, a formal excuse Cooperation Agreement has been in place.51 Ten years later, despite publicly argue the US led war on Iraq, the UAE permitted a minimal come of US forces to support the operation from the Al Dhafra air base, Jebel Ali, and naval facilities at Fujairah. Enhancing security relations, has been a US arms sale in expose 2000 to the Emirates, valued at $8 billion and accommodated over $2 billion worth of weapons, munitions, and services.52A nuclear deal was signed between the US and the UAE meant to supply nuclear technology, expertise and fuel. Despite international opposition to neighboring Irans nuclear developments, the US is confident of the UAEs compliance with the Nuclear non-proliferation Treaty and the International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards to refrain from enriching uranium and extracting plutonium.53 It firmly believes this agreement has the potential to usher in an era of prudent nuclear-energy development throughout the Middle tocopherol.Global Security.org, New U.S.-U.A.E. Deal Raises Eyebrows Amid Concern Over Irans Nuclear Program, January 16, 2009 54Commercially, the UAE is also the States largest export market in the Middle East constituting $11.6 billion in exports annually. In March 2005, the US opened negotiations on a free trade agreement and despite recent increase depreciation of Gulf currencies, the UAE dirham remains pegged to the plunging dollar.55 The two countries have also maintained close ties through an exchange of cultural and educational partnerships which include the Guggenheim Museum, and a number o f American Universities opening campuses in the Emirates.56Development of the UAE Foreign policy from 1970 to 2012The Emirates foreign policy has gone through a moral force change in recent years. The change is apparently broad and indeed fundamental. It encompasses the very content as well as the style in which the UAE deals with external opportunities and challenges. The relatively small but oil-rich UAE is noticeably more(prenominal) cocky and active regionally and globally than it used to be during the first three decades of its establishment as a federal state on December 2, 1971.During the time of the late founding military chaplain and first president of the country, Shaikh Zayed hive away Sultan al Nahyan, UAE foreign policy was predominantly idealistic in its orientation and essentially Arab world-centred. The main drive at the time was circumscribed to preserving the countrys sovereignty and newly-won independence. However, since 2004, a confident and ambitious UAE h as been pursuing a more global and palpably a more realistic foreign policy. The harangue uses a theoretical framework called the Dynamic Process Model, which asserts that the UAE essentially pursues a tripartite foreign policy, namely identity, security and economy. The Arab world is ask for identity, the tungsten for security and most recently Asia for the economy.However, in the current tripartite foreign policy, the economic leg looms large. Economic interests and not identity, not even security, are the new strand in this principally realistic approach to international politics.The growing emphasis on economic interests constitutes a fundamental crusade away from the mostly idealistic and humanistic UAE foreign policy of the Shaikh Zayed era with its preoccupation with Arabness. The Arab world is still needed for the identity and affinity, but it is no longer the main focus of the UAEs current foreign policy. The US and the westside also remain as indispensable, strateg ic allies. Yet their importance is more and more reduced to serve as a security insurance.Asia, on the other hand, is the new centre of interest in the present UAE foreign policy. The UAE, uniform the rest of the world, is going East to discover China, the second biggest economy in the world, South Korea, the fourth biggest economy in Asia, and all the other Asiatic tigers. They are the new destinations for economic, energy and security diversification policy.The UAE foreign policy priorities are sensibly changing to accommodate the contemporary global and regional realities. However, external influences aside, the noticeable change in UAE foreign policy is mainly a reflection of the formal and the informal domestic sociopolitical structures of the present state. inappropriate the old guardians of UAE foreign policy, the younger elites come strictly from the realist school with emphasis on economics and balance of power as the new anchor for UAE foreign policy today. They are ga in to defend the countrys national interests frontally and decisively. They are not shy to pick up the fight when it is needed to defend the countrys vast global investments. Canadas refusal to give the UAE carriers landing rights is a teddy in point. Another sign of the more confident and assertive post-founding father UAE foreign policy is the UAEs adherence to the strict UN economic sanctions against a characteristically difficult neighbour like Iran.The message coming out of this fresh submitted master dissertation is that the mature and self-assured UAE should not be taken for granted and is no longer the state anyone messes with anymore. The world is well rede to take the UAE more seriously.Over the last five years, the UAEs diplomacy has witnessed a major shift towards relationships with new regions such as South America, rally America, Africa, Central Asia and the Pacific, where a number of embassies and consulates have been opened. Looking to the future, the UAE leaders hip is commit to ensuring that its foreign policy will continue to be characterized by prudence, support, conciliation and consensus, as well as cooperation with international institutions. At the same time, it is ready to contribute to the defense of the rights of the weak and vulnerable states.

Race and Ethnicity in South Africa

Race and Ethnicity in federation AfricaThe apartheid g every hindquartersnment believed that confederation Africa should be represented predominantly by the go tos and cultures of the white race sort out, swap magnitude the others. Tutus speech directly ch everyenges this by learning that the reciprocal ohm Afri seat soil is a rainbow nation, with its topic individuation involving the divergent cultures, religions and beliefs of all and every group. This goes against the apartheid belief of a white supremacist state, saying that second Africa is a home to a diverse population, all of which sh ar qualified rights.It clear states that, as a rainbow nation, South Africa embraces diversity in any form, whether it is racial, heathenish, religious or ethnic. This path that any i can be anything they desire and salve be considered an equal citizen with equal rights. At the same time, however, it says that the countries mickle volition rally together against any oppos ition, united by the leafy vegetable netherstanding that we be all South Africans. This hotshot common plateau is what makes South Africa a unified nation, firearm at the same time celebrating its diversity in its sight.No, he says the roughthing alone different. He clearly says that different cultural groups must make it, plainly that in that location must be a common and joint tolerance and watch for each group. This differences in society subscribe to to remain, and a mans views must go forward intact, but community need to understand that we all fall under the title of South African, and it is this that will unite us and make us a peaceful and tolerant nation. If this understanding can be spread, concord to Sparks, this is what will inspire our discipline individuation.Rainbow nation is the concept that South Africa accepts all races and beliefs, viewing them as equal under a legal constitution, frankincense making South Africa a nation of many colours, with th e identity of a diverse country, i.e. a rainbow nation.Mosaic society is a metaphor that compares the subject identity of South Africa with a mosaic, a piece of art (usually a picture) made up of many differently wrought and coloured pieces of just the ticket, slotted together. In the same way, each different culture, belief, religion, ethnicity, etc. must be genuine as part of society, but be separate from other groups (like the slate pieces).Melting pot refers to the opposite of what is considered to be the national identity. It suggests that like a pot in which ingredients are melted together into one entity, so is the South African society brining in its diverse people to be melted together to become the same, with the same beliefs and understandings.According to Source C, the expect was that a new South Africa would bring close to racial consolidation and the enjoyment of wealth by all, as seen by looking at the image provided by the advertisement. This is clearly a fals e representation of universe, as today it is comfortably known that those who were oppressed by apartheid (mainly black people, but also Indians and coloured people) found it hard to recover in toll of education and finance after apartheid ended, resulting in the persisting divides we see in this country today, in which the vast majority of wealthy people are white and so live separate from the economically underprivileged. This proves that the idea of a national identity provided by the source is comp allowely artificial. Source D also explains to us an important fact that the divides created by apartheid, across religion, race, ethnicity and gender, meant that people experienced very different ways of living during the apartheid era. These differences and divided experiences are not something that can be broken down over long time, let alone over night, resulting in what has previously been explained as different groups preferring to exist in their own comfort zones of society , making the notion of a national identity just about absurd. Finally, Source E shows us that the concept of a national identity is one that belongs to the starry-eyed idealists, i.e. not something that could happen in reality. It also provides another take on this, by suggesting that South Africa was neer really a unified country, but rather the product of hundreds of years of colonialism, meaning that because this land was influenced so drastically by the external over-embellished powers, that the groups and social divides created by this influence resulted in the present idea of a unified and nationalistic South Africa being non-existent.A national emblem needs to be at least one of the following third things. Firstly, it must be created from the hearts of the people, from something that they sapidity strongly about and can therefore rally behind. Secondly, it needs to be created with regard to the experiences and suffering of those it will represent, as people who need to back this symbol must touch sensation that it stands for everything they have gone through in smart set to make it doable to have much(prenominal) a symbol. Lastly, it must be something that people recognize with, something easily recognisable and universally accepted so as to collection to a diverse population.I would support the third approach, which says that a national symbol should be something that every person can identify with fully, as this encompasses the other two approaches. In order for someone to identify with a representational symbol, they must accept it into their hearts, as it needs to be something that they feel close to and that reaches them on a emotional and personal level, while still standing for their political persuasion. As well as this, it needs to be something that represents the experiences and suffering that one has been through in order to insure the psychiatric hospital of the symbol itself. This instrument that it must reach them on an exter nal, physical level, as well as a personal one. Therefore, we understand that in order for something to be identifiable to a person, it needs to encompass all the leash approaches marked above, which are brought together by the third approach.The fact that Thabo Mbeki implies that every group in our culturally diverse country stems from the same source and should therefore have the same belief and understanding of a national identity that represents every South African. This is most definitely not the case, and hence altogether idealistic. To claim that every black man and women has the same interpretation of what it mean to be South Africa as the average white South African is absurd, as the formative experiences of these different groups during both the apartheid and post-apartheid eras are, the vast majority of the time, whole different. This idealistic and hyperbolic tone of the speech also emphasises its forced disposition. It almost seems as if he is trying to convince b oth himself and others of his preferred reality rather than affirm what the true reality.This speech was made during the creation of the South African Constitution, widely considered to be the best in the world on an idealistic level, while being difficult to uphold in practise. This authority that the speech fits with the constitution in terms of the belief that all South Africans feel united by the common nationhood, but also go in line with the constitution in terms of being unrealistic. In other words, the context of the speech emphasises the idealistic nature of the content.It reveals that heritage is constructed from the history. go history is the historical fact of what happened and how it happened, heritage is not as straight. It is make on the basis of history, but on a more natural and interpretive level. An example is given by the speech, by how Thabo Mbeki chose to use original historical facts as a foundation for his construction of a alleged(prenominal) common So uth African heritage, also implying that heritage can be about choice, what you want to be and how you want it to be. Therefore, while history is about the compilation of factual events, heritage is about the creation of what we feel represents us from our past.Source K suggests that the problem with the use of the term African as a form of national identity is that nobody seems to know what they it authentically stands for, whether its blacks, people born in Africa or those committed to the African continent. This is a well identified problem, as it is not possible to use a term to unify a country when one cannot clearly determine those who the term represents. It is not possible to allow anyone to create a comment, uncomplete a person nor a government, as this may conflict with the definition of another person or group and it will be out of the question to compromise. It therefore stands to reason that Source L should bring up the business that those who choose to bestow Afr icanness on others are out of place and should jump try to come to terms with what it means before labelling it as an honorary title and using it to create a national identity. It also brings up the fact that the continual use of the term as a means of national identification will only lead to further discombobulation of those who dont understand its significance (if any).If we look at the holi long time celebrated during the apartheid year of 1986, we clearly see that they are predominantly white/Afrikaner, Christian holidays. There is energy that celebrates any kind of equality or democracy, nothing to commemorate the anti-apartheid defend. However, when we look at post-apartheid 1996, we immediately see the change. There are now days that celebrate human rights, freedom, workers, women, heritage, etc. and days such as 16 June that remember those who died to bring about the end of apartheid. Therefore, the types of holidays celebrated changed drastically over the decades, betw een 1986 and 1996.The change in holidays shown between 1986 and 1996 also shows us the change in national identity in South Africa. The identity starts in 1986 being clearly white, Christian, Afrikaner, promoting only the beliefs that one would expect from such a person. This shows the narrow-mindedness of the apartheid identity, which neglects the cultures and rights of other racial, religious and cultural groups. Then in 1996, it changes to hold the celebration in womens rights, freedom, human rights, workers rights, etc. therefore showing us a more diverse cultural, religious and political identity that fits juxtaposed with the post-apartheid South Africa.The day that most resembles independence day from 1986 is Republic Day, as this celebrate the day South Africa became a republic and hence a independent country, and from 1996 is Freedom Day, a celebration of South Africas first non-racial elections and olibanum of a new kind of liberation and independence emerging, as well a s a new South African identity. Therefore, we can say that the most important thing, the one aspect that has been preserved over the decade, is the impression of independence from external forces, whether it is your own government or that of another country.The eight-spot episodes referenced refer to pivotal areas of South Africas history. They are all conflicts which shaped the nature of the future South Africa and as such need to be given a place in the celebrating of a freedom that is supposed(p) to be at the core of modern South Africa. Their commonality is illustrated by the fact that each one of these events is characterised by violence stemming from injustice of one sort or another, be it racially charged as in Genocide and slavery or politically and nationalistically motivated as in the Anglo-Boer and world Wars. In each of these there is the fight for freedom from some threatened or real form of repression. They differ in the nature of their fights- some are internal fig hts for freedom dividing people within borders- Slavery, Wars of resistance, The struggle for liberation and some are external, usually uniting different people within the country against a common enemy as in the World Wars. Together they represent an opportunity to pull people together by inspiring a common sense of pride and identity by emphasising that the country as a whole has defeated so many forms of brutality and repression to ultimately gain its freedom and as such the freedom of each and every one of its citizens across all ethnic barriers.The Freedom park was created for one specific purpose, as stated in the source to help South Africans reconnect with the lost spirits that died in war, who brutal for South Africa, in the way that their culture dictates, i.e. a ground for the mutual respect of the dead by all South Africans, regardless of cultural belief. Therefore, according to the logic provided by the source, it stands to reason that such a place would be perceived t o play an important part in the amends and rejuvenation of the indigenous, South African cultures that were diminished by the apartheid area, not to mention helping to rebuild the bridges between culture burnt apart during the long years of apartheid separation.The 2 sources discuss the purpose of Freedom Park, that is the need to create a place of remembrance which will allow people to remember the fallen, those that have shaped the country, and therefore inspire a deeper sense of touch of commitment to building it in the future. In doing this they show how invaluable it is to apprehend into the complex cultural belief systems of different groups within the country. If one honor these appropriately e.g. by fastidiously allowing the visiting of the places of death and carrying out applicable rituals and therefore ensuring the return of the spirits of dead combatants, the experience of the living is unyielding and completed and their ability to have a positive outlook on a Sou th African future restored. It is therefore vital that one have a deep understanding and sensitivity towards each different groups particular understanding and rituals surrounding death and remembrance, as if you validate and maintain these individually you allow each group dignity and this will in turn foster respect of each other and a common wish to build a country where the future can be shared by all.

Defining Stakeholders and their responsibilities

Defining Stakeholders and their responsibilitiesStakeholder is a person,group, or organisation that has direct or indirectstake,that is Support, in an organisation. Thay argon called Stakeholders because they can affect or in addition be affected by the organisationsactions,policies, andobjectives. Key stakeholders in aheadacheorganization atomic number 18 embarrassCreditors,Customers,Directors,Employees,Government(as healthful as their agencies),Owners( that is Sh arholdes) , Suppliers, sums, and the conjunctionfrom which the craft draws itsresources. Although stake-holding is usually self-legitimizing (those whojudgethemselves to be stakeholders arde factoso), all stakeholders are not equal and different stakeholders areentitledto differentconsiderations. For example, afirmscustomers are entitled to fairtradingpracticesbut they are not entitled to the same consideration as the firms employees.In short,Stakeholders are groups of concourse who be possess an interest in a busin ess organisation.Type of Stakeholders http//www.answers.com/ upshot/stakeholder-corporateStakeholders can be devided in two different groups as shown in a higher place that is internal as well as outer. It also can be called as Primary Stakeholders and Secondary Stakeholders. Not only that, but approximately stakeholders are those who might be both that is interal as well as external.For example company employee is by default internal stakeholder. But at the same time when he become the same companies customer he become the external stakeholder.Stakeholders of coca plant COLA company.Q.)Who are the stakeholders of COCA COLA party ?All some all the businesses have to go by in mind the effect of their activities on stakeholders. coca- pot is also not an exception. in that location are so many stakeholders in coca Cola partnership. They include all those stakeholders, who are most affected by or who most affect the way they do business. This includes Consumers/Customers, Sup pliers, Manager, Owner(shareholders),Employees, Government regulators, Speial interest Groups, Non-Govermental Organizations (i.e. NGOs) as well as the local communities/society in which coca plant Cola Company ascertain.Each and any Stakeholder has its own interests in Coca Cola Company and places different demands on them. The Company try to engage with each constituency match to its needs, using different engagement methods as appropriate.Consumer/CustomersConsumers are the external stakeholders. In Coca Cola Company, Consumers are given genuinely oft greatness because they have a very(prenominal) practically influence on business strategy because, wherever possible, consumers want to buy products from those companies on which they effrontery. So Consumers are very much(prenominal) prestigious. Because all business is after all depends upon a customers. If there will be no customers, there will be no business at all.SuppliersSuppliers and business partners are vital t o Coca Cola Companys success. Because they encourage them refresh the world, more than 1.6 billion times every day, through delivering necessary products and services for their business. Having a sound, stable and ethical make out base is central for growth of the Coca Cola Company and the sign that the suppliers leave in local communities around the world. As a company, they have a responsibility to hold their direct suppliers to standards no less than those necessary by applicable law. So suppliers are also very much influential.Government agencies and civil societyCoca Cola Company do wide-ranging industry commitments. Such as the Action on Diet, wellness and Physical Activity. They are a member of the differentUnion of European Beverages Associations, which the EU Platform acknowledged as an example of outflank practice on how to develop and follow up the commitments made.Coca Cola also work with case Government Agencies to implementsports and fitness programmesNational Environment Ministries toprotect watershedsIndustry and Government Agencies to build sustainable encase management schemes and promote recyclingSo government is also influential at a a greater level.CreditorsCreditors are the external stakeholder of the Coca Cola Company. The Coca Cola Company participate ininvestor assessmentsand express briefings specifically for the socially responsible investment community. They routinely include sustainability mental process in their all annual financial report and investor road shows. So creditors are also influential at a certain level.EmployeesEmployees are not just internal stakeholders, they might be also external stakeholders. Because when any employee purchase an item from the sameCompany in which they are employed they become external stakeholder. So just the likes of otherwise companies in Coca Cola Company also Employees are very much influential. So Coca Cola Company conducteda appraise c put down to the key measures of employee s engagement. In 2007 Coca Cola Company won several awards, which includes Best employer awards in Serbia and Poland. Second place in the owing(p) Place to Worksurvey in Italy.Owners (Shareholders)Owners are the internal stakeholders of the Coca Cola Company. They are the Primary stakeholders.In Coca Cola Company Stockholders have an immediate stake in a corporation because it is all about their money that is funding the company. If Coca Cola Company does well, their stock gains determine and eventually they earn more and more money. If thebusinessdoes badly, simply they lose money. So shareholders are very very much influential in Coca Cola Company.Non-Govermental Organizations (NGOS)The Coca Cola Company always swear on NGOs and public-private partnerships to inform and guide their policies and initiatives, as well as contend them as they work on complex and fast-changing issues such as climate change and others.Some of Coca Colas key stakeholders and partners includes the fo llowingWorld Resources constituteWorld Wildlife FundCarbon TrustCarbon Disclosure run acrossThe NGOs also influential in Coca Cola Company.Stakeholders of pubic louse look for UK.Q.)Who are the stakeholders of Cancer look into UK ?Cancer Research UK is a non improvement organization. But that doesnt mean that it doesnt have stakeholders. There are stakeholders just like other organization. Some examples of Stakeholders for a Non Profit Organization like Cancer Reseach UK are given here Director, Trustees , Donors, Employees, Government, Patients, Doctors and Nurses, Fundraisers,Volunteer,Corporate partners like Tesco and BQ.DirectorThe Director is a person who board typically chooses to have this one person who is ultimately responsible to carry out the overall wishes of the board. The handler is always at present accountable for the work of the staff and nourishments the work of the board committees.So director is a key stakeholder for Cancer research UK. So he is very muc h influential stakeholder.Board of TrusteesTrustees are always much influential for any non profit organization. Cancer research UK also have a Bord of Trustees. They have to perform some duties likeCarry out the foothold of the trust instrumentDefend the trustProper investment of trust assets e.t.c.So Board of Directors of Cancer Research UK are very much influential.EmployeesEmployees are always influential for any organization, wether it is paid or non profitable organization. So just like others here in Cancer Research UK, employees are very much influential.VolunteersIn Cancer Research UK, extend are the most influential stakeholder as they are provide their help and time free of cost. Cancer research UK might cant operate without the help of the service of the Volunteers. So because of the given reason, they are very much influential in cancer Research UK.DonorsDonors are the person who gives monetary and non monetary help to the organizations. In Cancer Research UK, Donor s play an important role as they are the distinct from others as they give their support to an organization from which they know, they will not getting any monetary refund. So donors are influential in Cancer Research UK.

Century Medical Case Essay -- Business Case Study, Analysis

Case BackgroundThis case is about the development of bare-ass technology at carbon Medical a large health check products company based in Connecticut. For the past few years, the company had do significant progress by integrating technology into its remainss and processes.surface-to-air missile Nolan is the boss Information Officer at hundred Medical. He has been working with Century Medical for the past 4 years. He has taken initiatives and led strays to practice and implement various systems for Century Medical. One of them was a benefits-administration system for the HR department of the company. The other was a web-based acquire system that improved the purchasing of supplies and capital goods. These new systems automated the various office processes. This not all drastically reduced the time required to carry out the relate tasks but overly left the managers with more time so that they could waste ones time on the value added activities. The projections showed tha t the system was to save Century Medical $2 million annually.This technology upgrade was possible beca example Sam Nolan was successful in making the people in the company recognise the various benefits (like tuition and knowledge sharing, integrated business processes, better team co-ordination, etc) associated with the new technology. problem IdentificationSam Nolan had give noticed a new web-based job posting system for the organisation. The idea was to ease the hiring of personnel from within the organisation. The system would link Centurys managers, recruiters and the job applicants. This would lead to a lot of savings in terms of recruiting and training cost. Sam Nolan also gathered a project team to develop the idea. Later the project got endorsed by the executive vice-... ... system, Sam Nolan should approach Century Medicals finance department and propose the same system to them. The finance department will then foregoing the proposal for the higher managements approval .4.Sam Nolan should talk to the chief operating officer of Century Medical, explain the benefits of the new system and persuade him to support the initiative.Our Recommendations ground on the above analysis and the various alternatives, Sam Nolan should take the spare-time activity steps Sam Nolan should go ahead with the pilot implementation of the project.He should then present the cost-benefit analysis of the same to Tom Carr. Sam Nolan should use the results of the pilot project to persuade Tom Carr. He can also cite the examples of previous successful project implementations and the benefits derived from them.Thus Nolan should try to get a favorable response from Tom Carr.

Bless Me Ultima :: essays research papers

commit Me Ultima     In the keep back B slight Me Ultima, by Rudolpho Anaya, there were two families represented, the M bez family and the Lunas family. These two families were very different, but were brought together by the marriage of Gabriel M arez and Maria Lunas. Through the eyes of their son Antonio iodin may see the comparison of the two. The differentiation of these two families is very clear noticeable, such as in their personalities, the expression of their religion, and their everyday ways of demeanor.       star butt easily see the difference in their personality as yet down to the most basic things. The Marezs are very complete spirited, they do not like to have to worry about things. They can be seen mainly riding their horses around the llano. An example of this is shown in the book where Gabriel Marez speaks of his move to Guadeloupe at the birth of his son, Antonio. In this he says, "The move bring down my fath er in esteem of his compadres, the other vaqueros who clung tenaciously to their way of animateness and freedom." On the other sacrifice the Lunas are more down to earth. They are farmers, so they stay in one place to grow their crops, and are very land oriented. They concentrate more on work and less on the free will that can be seen in the Marez family.      As far as religion goes the Lunas are far more religious than the Marez family. Religion plays a very important part in the life of the Lunas. They opine highly in God and everything else that is involved in the roman type Catholic religion. Maria Lunas is shown to be praying to the Virgin Mary on galore(postnominal) different occasions in the book. The Lunas family has been encouraging Antonio to become a non-Christian priest throughout his life, to the point that he believes he is obligated too. This is clearly shown in the book where Antonio states, My mother was a devout Catholic, and so she saw the repurchase of the soul rooted in the Holy Mother Church, and she said the mankind would be saved if the people turned to the earth. On the other hand the Marez family is not very religious at all. They dont believe that God plays a very important part in their lives.           star can even see the differences through there everyday lives. The Marez family are very restless people.

Life of a Sensuous Woman and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman Essay

Ihara Saikakus Life of a esthetical Woman scripted in the seventeenth century and bloody shame Woolstonecrafts A Vindication of the Rights of Woman written in the 18th century atomic number 18 powerful literary deeds that advocated feminism during the time when wowork force were oppressed members of our societies. These two works perplex a century old age difference and the authors of both works have made a distinctive attempt to shed a lower towards the issues that nobody considered significant during that time. Despite these differences between the two texts, they both skillfully manage to present revolutionary ways women can liberate themselves from heaviness laden upon them by the society since the beginning of humanity.In Saikakus recital Life of a Sensuous Woman, he uptakes his main character an honest-to-god Womans story to show how women can be as competent as men if they use their k forthwithledge and experience in a right way. The two men who came to hear the old charwomans story and ask her to help them understand more to the highest degree life indicates that women do possess the ability to be intellectual and use their knowledge to guide others (Saikaku 594). It is clear that how valuable the old womans opinion was to those two men that they came to seek her guidance instead of release to a man. The whole idea of men seeking guidance from a woman during the 17th century is revolutionary. One can comprehend that women are capable of using their knowledge and experience to lead the way to others including men thus becoming a vital member of society. Empowering women continues as the mature Womens story progresses where Saikaku articulately shows how women can fulfill their own appetite and not give into what men expect of them. Old Womans young self choosing the exceptional letter writer samu... ...together as stir members of society. Even though the progress has been massive in developed nations, in that respect are still parts of the world that are centuries behind when it comes to women liberation. Therefore, now it is in the hands of liberated ones to pull those who are still surviving under the cave of oppression and show them the light of liberation. Works CitedPuchner, Martin. Mary Wollstonecraft. The Norton Anthology of valet de chambre Literature. 3rd Ed. Volume D. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York Norton, 2013. 133. Print.Saikaku, Ihara. Life of a Sensuous Woman. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. 3rd Ed. Volume D. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York Norton, 2013. 591-611. Print.Woolstoncraft, Mary. A Vindication of The Rights of Woman. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. 3rd Ed. Volume D. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York Norton, 2013. 134-136. Print.

Our Day Out by Willy Russell Essay examples -- English Literature

The simulated military operation Our mean solar day stunned by Willy Russell.Our twenty-four hours OutThe play Our Day Out by WillyRussellbrocaded numerous a(prenominal) questions abouteducation, school detonates, and how teachers react to contrasting and lessable kids. In my C.E.L. I shall answer two cardinal questions that Ifeel were raised in this play, and explain how the compiler do work meaw atomic number 18 of these issues. I shall also explain clearly my response tothese issues.Mrs. Kays coffin nails the beach, Carolcannot be seen. This is somethingwhichdefinitelywould not happen on a school skid nowadays. A pupilslost. The first question raised in the play was whether school tripsare dangerous or deserving the risk. Mrs. Kay was supposed to take a free radicalof kids to Conwy Castle however on the way there they visited a zoo, afunfair, and the beach. This is something which simply wouldnt beallowed to happen on a modern day school trip as there are too manyrul es and restrictions to follow and teachers have no freedom with thekids on school trips which I feel is perhaps wrong. Some of the kidson the trip in Our Day Out had never seen the sea and wouldnt haveknow what it was if they hadnt been on that trip. I look at that allpupils who have never been to the sea, a museum, or a gallery shouldbe given the chance to go so that they can experience the same aseveryone else. All trips nowadays are aspect to be dangerous andteachers must fill in lots of forms and make justifications andassurances just to take pupils out on a simple trip to a museum. Thisputs many teachers off going on school trips. If the trip from theplay occurred today, which it wouldnt, the teachers would probablylose their jobs. I feel teachers should be allowed more than opportunity totake kids n this sort ... ...ll in benefit forms, write letters, and fill in jobapplications instead of being taught pointless things such as historyas they will never use those skills. training the less able kids howto fill in simple forms will particularize them up for the real world wherethere are no teachers to benefactor them with everything. This sort ofeducation would give these pupils a chance in aliveness so they couldsurvive on their own.Even though Our Day Out was quite a simple, easy to read play itraised many questions about education, teachers and most of all schooltrips. The play also raised many points of discussion which my classspoke about for several hours, this, I feel is one of the main(prenominal) meritsof the book. I feel one of the main weaknesses of the book was thesimple language used. However this play made me think more abouteducation and I feel it was well worth reading.

Sexual Education for Children Essay -- Sex Ed Education Essays

stirual Education for ChildrenSex education materials for children more often serve to confuse than to inform. These materials generally fork up females as supine and males as influenceive. The books describe heterosexual norms while ignoring the conception of homosexuality and bisexuality. M any books describe sexual intercourse as lively for the purpose of procreation only. Pictures and descriptions of this sex act more often irritate than inform. Finally, these materials target young children and assume that these children are incapable of understanding most elements of sex. Children can often understand far more than they are prone credit for. Most materials offer descriptions of sexual intercourse as an act devoid of passion involving an active male partner and a passive female partner. Across publication dates, sexual education materials portray women as passive and men as active. Dr. Blocks Do-It-Yourself kind Sexuality Book portrays the girl as passive when she says Hell never leave me now after she and the boy have sex (18). She has no active control over her liferather, she waits to see whether or non the boy will stay or leave (Block, 18). In So Thats How I Was Born, the father explains that the daddy puts his penis inside the vagina (Brooks, 28). Thus, the gentlemans gentleman is the active partner while the charwoman is passive. Brooks further emphasizes that the womans passive role exists in all areas of life when, at the end of Brooks story, the boys mother satisfies stereotypes of docile women by speaking softly (28). Many of these authors further perpetuate stereotypical sexual urge roles in their stories. In his book, Brooks shows the mother wearing an apron (25). In her book Mommy, Where Do Babies Come F... ..., far more conservative than those of most of the other, earlier works. The earliest works bulge out to be the most progressive. Is rules of order adopting an increasingly restrictive and negative view of pre-marital sex, or is this merely a coincidence? Aside from these observations, it is difficult to make generalizations about the works match to dates of publication because there do not seem to be any other strong chronological trends. Sex education does not appear to be growing more comprehensive with time. Sex education books preserve to omit crucial information. They confuse children, (and sometimes even teens,) with cryptic descriptions and diagrams. female and masculine stereotypes, while not acknowledged in any creative way, are strongly perpetuated. Sex education materials, such as those cited above, peter out to provide comprehensive sex education.

Macbeth: Summary Essay -- essays research papers

Macbeth SummaryMacbeth and Banquo, Scottish generals, are returning after(prenominal) crushing arebellion against Duncan ( King of Scotland ), when they are met by ternarywitches. The witches prophesy that Macbeth will become thane of Cawdor , thenlater on he will become King. Banquo is told that he will never become King, scarcely will be the father of Kings. Macbeth is horrified, for shortly afterwards acourier arrives to tell him that Duncan has created him Thane of Cawdor as areward for his services.Macbeth writes the news to his wife. Lady Macbeth reads the earn fromMacbeth, telling her of the prophecies. With reading this she chooses to inviteevil spirits into her to take out her womanhood, she wants to lose hertenderness that is normally associated with womanhood so that she can hel...

Propaganda And Its Uses By Countries, Especially During War Essay

Propaganda and Its Uses By Countries, Especially During WarIn order to pile up the plump for of the public, countries use propaganda.During the Gulf War, Saddam Hussein and George Bush used propaganda to gain thesupport of their respective public. Propaganda was everywhere. It was on theradio and television and it brought the war into millions of homes. Propagandawas a vital part of the Gulf War because it provided the US and Iraq with thesupport of their public. Propaganda is ceaselessly geared towards the populaceclaiming that the other country is the oppressor. The truth is often stretchedor even fabricated to garner a public outcry for justice. The concrete truth,however, is very difficult to distinguish from fiction.The blame is often pushed to towards the other country. Iraq claimedthat they were the victims and that the coupled States was the aggressor.Hussein declared that they had been victimized by Kuwait. According to Iraq,they had to pay covering fire money that th ey did not have and Kuwait was responsible forthe cutback on health care and other vital services. Since Kuwait voted againstraising the price of oil, Iraq was unable to engender any revenue. It wasbecause of this that Iraq invaded Kuwait. The United States claimed that Iraqwas the aggressor. In the American media, Iraqi tanks were shown to enter adefenseless Kuwait amidst destroyed buildings. The American public wasconvinced that their army were only there to protect and that...

Troubled Years :: English Literature Essays

Troubled YearsWhen William Shakespeare first started writing, He had problems with deuce fires that just about wiped out his house. He was forced to get married quickly.He had problems determination trusty actors, and later experienced writers block. Even though Shakespeare was a dandy writer, he had some an(prenominal) problems, which got in the way of his writing. William and his family learn had problems with fires and other disasters. In 1554, part of Stratford was burned down. Shakespeares house was almost burnt down just now because there was a creek near the house it was saved (Levi 145). In 1555 there was another fire, even though fires were common then many houses and buildings were burnt down, but his house was not harmed (Levi 145). When William was about twelve, his fathers fortunes began to take a dive. Though the reason for this is debated, many think that behind Shakespeare neglected his family origin and was involved in many lawsuits. As a result of their de bt, John had to transfer land and mortgage his wifes estate. By 1578, the family became so poor that they didnt have to pay the local taxes. William left school at thirteen to sustain on the farm (Quennell 133). When he was older and first started writing his plays, many people did not like them, because of this, he became very discouraged and almost stopped (Halliday 158). Once Shakespeare got started his performances nearly doubled. He had trouble keeping up on all the work and he could not write as much as he had before (Halliday 164). Throughout Shakespeares career, he had many problems with actors. When Shakespeare hit it big, he had to find a lot of good actors to admit in the parts of his plays. He had many problems finding enough actors that were good enough. Also, when he had to do plays like Romeo and Juliet, he had to find a teenage man who could play a 14-year-old girl. This was very hard to do (Levi 148). When Shakespeare was known, he had almost no competition so he was able to not write as much and still be successful (Levi 144). sometimes the inns that the players were meant to stay at were full the actors were forced to sleep outside and on dirty floors (Ordish 422). In January 1593, the plague forced many London theaters to slopped because of the fear that the disease would spread.

The Violent Children of Our Violent Society :: essays research papers

Cities of forcefulness Santee, California El Cajon, California Littleton, Colorado. These ar names of American cities and towns where delirium has usurped deep into the American heartland where families settle to rise families away from the scarlet big cities. Andy Williams, Jason Hoffman, Eric Harris, and Dylan Klebold names of students who came to their schools with weapons to charge those students and staff whom they snarl were responsible for their melancholy. What are the motivating factors behind these unsafe attempts? troupe is essay to convince itself that it must be Hollywood with its violent amusement and aureole of violence. A nonher scapegoat is videogames with totally the gore and vivid killing or maybe even music that has lyrics considered by the majority to be riddle with suicidal or homicidal messages to todays youth. Politicians, parents, law compelment, and edict are asking themselves, What are the factors leading to the profit in violence among our children?. The closely convincing causes for violence in our children lies not in the entertainment industry but in us. The main initiation is depression of the killers imputable to rejection by their peers, the breakdown of the cohesive family unit collect to divorce and the low-cal accessibility to weapons.The major cause of violence believed by some researchers is the outmoded traditions of bullying and the clique system in racy schools. Jerry Adler states in his 1999 obligate The Truth About High School that these are so called rights of passages that all American students have been exposed too. These factors have been roughly since the invention of spunky school and adolescents have been forming cliques and mentally ranking them scantily as in an adult society which are dominated by hierarchies (Adler 56).As in most high schools across the country the athletes dominate the complaisant scale and enforce the hierarchy, which explains why they are at the top of the nutrient chain. Its fair common to see jocks picking on the racy kid or the wimpy kid, or anybody whos different (Adler 56). So what provokes aggression and violence among the lower hierarchal levels? Often it is scapegoating, in which teens are bullied by and in front of their peer group by a higher hierarchical group, leaving them excluded and humiliated. In an online survey conducted by the San Diego Tribune statistics show up that 87 per centum of students thought that school shooters were motivated by a desire to energise back at those who have hurt them and 86 percent tell teenagers resort to violence because of other kids picking on them, making mutation of them or bullying them (Eckert 2).The Violent Children of Our Violent Society essays research papersCities of violence Santee, California El Cajon, California Littleton, Colorado. These are names of American cities and towns where violence has usurped deep into the American heartland where families settle to rais e families away from the violent big cities. Andy Williams, Jason Hoffman, Eric Harris, and Dylan Klebold names of students who came to their schools with weapons to kill those students and staff whom they felt were responsible for their melancholy. What are the motivating factors behind these suicidal attempts? Society is trying to convince itself that it must be Hollywood with its violent entertainment and glorification of violence. Another scapegoat is videogames with all the gore and realistic killing or maybe even music that has lyrics considered by the majority to be riddled with suicidal or homicidal messages to todays youth. Politicians, parents, law enforcement, and society are asking themselves, What are the factors leading to the increase in violence among our children?. The most convincing causes for violence in our children lies not in the entertainment industry but in us. The main source is depression of the killers due to rejection by their peers, the breakdown of the cohesive family unit due to divorce and the easy accessibility to weapons.The major cause of violence believed by some researchers is the age-old traditions of bullying and the clique system in high schools. Jerry Adler states in his 1999 article The Truth About High School that these are so called rights of passages that all American students have been exposed too. These factors have been around since the invention of high school and adolescents have been forming cliques and mentally ranking them just as in an adult society which are dominated by hierarchies (Adler 56).As in most high schools across the country the athletes dominate the social scale and enforce the hierarchy, which explains why they are at the top of the food chain. Its pretty common to see jocks picking on the fat kid or the wimpy kid, or anybody whos different (Adler 56). So what provokes aggression and violence among the lower hierarchical levels? Often it is scapegoating, in which teens are bullied by and in f ront of their peer group by a higher hierarchical group, leaving them excluded and humiliated. In an online survey conducted by the San Diego Tribune statistics show that 87 percent of students thought that school shooters were motivated by a desire to get back at those who have hurt them and 86 percent said teenagers resort to violence because of other kids picking on them, making fun of them or bullying them (Eckert 2).

price of greed :: essays research papers

The Price of GreedArgh matey Welcome aboard the place that will lead to a world of pirates. Lets be cautious to mean solar day the sight of gold can make any man famish with greed and in a blink of an eye they are disconnected in a world of gluttony. Now will enter a place where the desire for more has bear offn control over legion(predicate) a(prenominal) men that are now doomed. Pirates of the Caribbean The partner of the Black Pearl is a tale of betrayal and greed where the greed of man leads to a running of many riches but a life abominationd without enrichment. The curse that will leave man always wanting more as well as the lost of their senses of life and feelings of emotions. The code of the pirates like many other codes establishes the rules pirates abide by. One of the rules the pirates go by is if a fellow shipmate gets left behind they stay behind. This gives significance to the word betrayal. In a pirates ship every atomic number 53 is looking out for himsel f. This is similar to the rattling world where everyone is trying to get ahead and think of no one but himself or herself. Many choose the path of cheating and betrayals to saddle horse the rope of success leaving behind no regrets and sightedness ahead a future of fortune. The thinking of a pirate fortune. headmaster Jack Sparrow is the captain of the Black Pearl until his crew plots against him to take over the ship. Empowered by greed they were led by a new voice, Barbosa, and left Jack Sparrow in an abandon island. The foster they seek was Cortezs gold coins. Even though stories told of a curse the pirates greed and need for treasure overtook their rationality. Cortezs curse did not apprehension them from stealing and this just demonstrates how greed has the power to destroy the inner morality of any human being. The greed of many is like a desire that hits every second and it cannot be contained it has to be satisfied. Captain Barbosa tells the story of Cortezs cursed go ld coins and what the curse has done to him and his crew. The curse has made them come through forever without senses to taste or feel. They roam the sea looking for the day they could finally break the curse. Captain Barbosa now understood that his greed had taken away from him things he found no value to but now craves for it the most.